Biologically active peptides having N-terminal substitutions

ABSTRACT

An N-terminal substituted peptide or protein having the formula: ##STR1## X is a biologically active amphiphilic ion channel-forming peptide or protein. T is a lipophilic moiety, and preferably, T is: ##STR2## wherein R is a hydrocarbon (alkyl or aromatic or alkylaromatic) having at least 2 and no more than 10 carbon atoms. T is preferably an octanoyl group. W is T or hydrogen. The N-terminal substituted peptides and proteins have improved biological activity against target cells, viruses, and vitally-infected cells.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/184,462, filed Jan. 18, 1994; which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/891,201 filed Jun. 1, 1992, now abandoned.

This invention relates to biologically active peptides. More particularly, this invention relates to biologically active peptides having N-terminal (or amino-terminal) substitutions.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an N-terminal substituted peptide or protein having the formula: ##STR3## wherein X is a biologically active peptide or protein. The peptide or protein is preferably an ion channel-forming peptide or protein. T is a lipophilic moiety, and W is T or hydrogen.

The term "lipophilic," as used herein, means that the lipophilic moiety enhances the interaction of the peptide or protein with a lipid membrane, such as, for example, a cell membrane.

Lipophilic moieties which may be employed, include, but are not limited to, any moiety which may be placed on the N-terminal of the peptide through a condensation reaction with nitrogen. The lipophilic moiety T may be, for example, a carboxylic acid, a phosphoric acid, preferably an alkylphosphoric acid, a phosphonic acid, preferably an alkylphosphonic acid, a sulfonic acid, preferably an alkylsulfonic acid, or an alkyl group. Preferably, T is: ##STR4## wherein R is a hydrocarbon having at least two and no more than 16 carbon atoms.

In one embodiment, R is an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group; or a cycloalkyl group. For example, R may be CH₃ (CH₂)_(n) --, wherein n is from 1 to 14. Preferably, n is from 3 to 12, more preferably from 4 to 11, still more preferably from 6 to 11, and most preferably n is 6, whereby T is an octanoyl group.

In another embodiment, R is an aromatic (including phenyl and naphthyl), or an alkyl aromatic group. For example, R may be ##STR5## wherein z is from 0 to 6. Preferably, z is 1 or 2.

In another embodiment, R is ##STR6## wherein n is from 1 to 5. Preferably n is 1, whereby R is an ibuprofyl group.

In yet another embodiment, T is: ##STR7## wherein x is from 1 to 14.

Preferably, x is 2, and T is a succinyl group.

In another embodiment, T is: ##STR8## wherein y is from 1 to 14. Preferably, y is 12, whereby T is a sphingosine group.

In yet another embodiment, T is: ##STR9## wherein x and y are hereinabove described. Preferably, x is 2, and y is 12.

In one embodiment, W is hydrogen.

Applicant has found, that when biologically active peptides have substitutions at the N-terminal such as those hereinabove described, such peptides have increased biological activity against target cells, viruses, and virally-infected cells, as compared with unsubstituted peptides or peptides substituted at the N-terminal with an acetyl group. Applicant also has found that the N-terminal substitutions hereinabove described significantly increase the biological activity of "short" peptides, i.e. peptides having no more than 14 amino acid residues.

As hereinabove stated, the biologically active peptides or proteins of the present invention are preferably ion channel-forming peptides. An ion channel-forming peptide or protein or ionophore is a peptide or protein which increases the permeability for ions across a natural or synthetic lipid membrane. B. Christensen, et el., PNAS, Vol. 85, pgs. 5072-5076 (July 1988) describes methodology which indicates whether or not a peptide or protein has ion channel-forming properties and is therefore an ionophore. As used herein, an ion channel-forming peptide or ion channel-forming protein is a peptide or protein which has ion channel-forming properties as determined by the method of Christensen, et el.

An amphiphilic peptide or protein is a peptide or protein which includes both hydrophobic and hydrophilic peptide or protein regions.

The ion channel-forming peptides employed in the present invention are generally water soluble to a concentration of at least 20 mg/ml at neutral pH in water. In addition, the structure of such peptide provides for flexibility of the peptide molecule. Such peptides are capable of forming an alpha-helical structure. When the peptide is placed in water, it does not assume an amphiphilic structure. When the peptide encounters an oily surface or membrane, the peptide chain folds upon itself into a rodlike structure.

In general, such peptides have at least 7 amino acids, and in many cases have at least 20 amine acids. In most cases, such peptides do not have in excess of 40 amino acids.

The peptides and/or analogues or derivatives thereof may be administered to a host; for example a human or non-human animal, in an amount effective to inhibit grouch of a target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell. Thus, for example, the peptides and/or analogues or derivatives thereof may be used as antimicrobial agents, anti-viral agents, anti-bacterial agents, anti-tumor agents, anti-parasitic agents, spermicides, as well as exhibiting other bioactive functions.

The term "anti-microbial" as used herein means that the polypeptides or proteins of the present invention inhibit, prevent, or destroy the growth or proliferation of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, or the like.

The term "anti-bacterial" as used herein means that the peptides or proteins employed in the present invention produce effects adverse to the normal biological functions of bacteria, including death or destruction and prevention of the growth or proliferation of the bacteria when contacted with the peptides or proteins.

The term "antibiotic" as used herein means that the peptides or proteins employed in the present invention produce effects adverse to the normal biological functions of the non-host cell, tissue or organism, including death or destruction and prevention of the growth or proliferation of the non-host cell, tissue, or organism when contacted with the peptides or proteins.

The term "spermicidal" as used herein means that the peptides or proteins employed in the present invention, inhibit, prevent, or destroy the motility of sperm.

The term "anti-fungal" as used herein means that the peptides or proteins employed in the present invention inhibit, prevent, or destroy the growth or proliferation of fungi.

The term "antiviral" as used herein means that the peptides or proteins employed in the present invention inhibit, prevent, or destroy the growth or proliferation of viruses, or of virally-infected cells.

The term "anti-tumor" as used herein means that the peptides or proteins inhibits the growth of or destroys tumors, including cancerous tumors.

The term "anti-parasitic" as used herein means that the peptides or proteins employed in the present invention inhibit, prevent, or destroy the growth or proliferation of parasites.

The peptides or proteins of the present invention have a broad range of potent antibiotic activity against a plurality of microorganisms including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and the like, as well as parasites. The peptides or proteins of the present invention allow a method for treating or controlling microbial infection caused by organisms which are sensitive to the peptides or proteins. Such treatment may comprise administering to a heat organism or tissue susceptible to or affiliated with a microbial infection an antimicrobial amount of at least one of the peptides or proteins.

Because of the antibiotic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antibacterial properties of the peptides or proteins, they may also be used as preservatives or sterilants or disinfectants of materials susceptible to microbial or viral contamination.

The peptides or proteins and/or derivatives or analogues thereof may be administered in combination with a non-toxic pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle such as a filler, non-toxic buffer, or physiological saline solution. Such pharmaceutical compositions may be used topically or systemically and may be in any suitable form such as a liquid, solid, semi-solid, injectable solution, tablet, ointment, lotion, paste, capsule, or the like. The peptide or protein compositions may also be used in combination with adjuvants, protease inhibitors, or compatible drugs where such a combination is seen to be desirable or advantageous in controlling infection caused by harmful microorganisms including protozoa, viruses, and the like, as well as by parasites.

The peptides or proteins of the present invention may be administered to a host; in particular a human or non-human animal, in an effective antibiotic and/or anti-tumor and/or anti-fungal and/or anti-vital and/or anti-microbial and/or antibacterial and/or anti-parasitic and/or spermicidal amount.

Depending on the use, a composition in accordance with the invention will contain an effective anti-microbial amount and/or an effective spermicidal amount and/or an effective anti-fungal amount and/or an effective anti-viral amount and/or an effective anti-tumor amount and/or an effective anti-parasitic and/or an effective antibiotic amount of one or more of the peptides or proteins of the present invention which have such activity. The peptides or proteins may be administered by direct application of the peptides or proteins to the target cell or virus or virally-infected cell, or indirectly applied through systemic administration.

The peptides or proteins of the present invention may also be employed in promoting or stimulating healing of a wound in a host.

The term "wound healing" as used herein includes various aspects of the wound healing process.

These aspects include, but ere not limited to, increased contraction of the wound, increased deposition of connective tissue, as evidenced by, for example, increased deposition of collagen in the wound, and increased tensile strength Of the wound, i.e., the peptides or proteins increase wound breaking strength. The peptides or proteins of the present invention may also be employed so as to reverse the inhibition of wound healing caused by conditions which depress or compromise the immune system.

The peptides or proteins of the present invention may be used in the treatment of external burns and to treat and/or prevent skin and burn infections. In particular, the peptides or proteins may be used to treat skin and burn infections caused by organisms such as, but not limited to, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.

The peptides or proteins are also useful in the prevention or treatment of eye infections. Such infections may be caused by bacteria such as, but not limited to, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and N. gonorrhoeae, by fungi such as but not limited to C. albicans and A. fumigatus, by parasites such as but not limited to A. castellani, or by viruses.

The peptides or proteins may also be effective in killing cysts, spores, or trophozoites of infection--causing organisms. Such organisms include, but are not limited to Acanthamoeba which forms trophozoites or cysts, C. albicans, which forms spores, and A. fumigatus, which forms spores as well.

The peptides or proteins may also be administered to plants in an effective antimicrobial or antiviral or antiparasitic amount to prevent or treat microbial or viral or parasitic contamination thereof.

The peptides or proteins may also be employed in treating septic shock in that such peptides neutralize bacterial endotoxins. In general, the peptides or proteins are positively charged, while in general, the bacterial endotoxins are negatively charged. The peptides or proteins are particularly useful in that such compounds neutralize bacterial endotoxins without neutralizing essential proteins in plasma (such as heparin, for example).

The peptides or proteins, when used in topical compositions, are generally present in an amount of at least 0.1%, by weight. In most cases, it is not necessary to employ the peptide in an amount greater than 2.0%, by weight.

In employing such compositions systemically (intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal), the active peptide or protein is present in an amount to achieve a serum level of the peptide of at least about 5 ug/ml. In general, the serum level of peptide or protein need not exceed 500 ug/ml. A preferred serum level is about 100 ug/ml. Such serum levels may be achieved by incorporating the peptide or protein in a composition to be administered systemically at a dose of from 1 to about 10 mg/kg. In general, the peptide(s) or protein(s) need not be administered at a dose exceeding 100 mg/kg.

The peptides or proteins may be produced by known techniques and obtained in substantially pure form. For example, the peptides may be synthesized on an automatic peptide synthesizer. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 85, pgs. 2149-54 (1963). It is also possible to produce such peptides or proteins by genetic engineering techniques. The codons encoding specific amino acids are known to those skilled in the art, and therefore DNA encoding the peptides may be constructed by appropriate techniques, and one may clone such DNA into an appropriate expression vehicle (e.g., a plasmid) which is transfected into an appropriate organism for expression of the peptide or protein.

Upon production or synthesis of the peptide or protein, the N-terminal (NH₂ or amino terminal) of the peptide is reacted such that the lipophilic moiety is attached to the N-terminal of the peptide. For example, the reaction may be a condensation reaction with an amine. When the lipophilic moiety T is ##STR10## the N-terminal is reacted with a carboxylic acid of the formula R--COOH, wherein R is a hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms. The reaction may be carried out in the presence of a coupling agent, such as, for example, DCC, or DIC, and HOBT, or in the presence of an acid chloride. Such a reaction results in the formation of an N-terminal substituted peptide or protein having the structural formula hereinabove described.

In one embodiment, X is a peptide which is a basic (positively charged) polypeptide having at least sixteen amino acids wherein the polypeptide includes at least eight hydrophobic amino acids and at least eight hydrophilic amino acids. Still more particularly, the hydrophobic amino acids are in groups of two adjacent amino acids, and each group of two hydrophobic amino acids is spaced from another group of two hydrophobic amino acids by at least one amino acid other than a hydrophobic amino acid (preferably at least two amino acids) and generally by no greater than four amino acids, and the amino acids between pairs of hydrophobic amino acids may or may not be hydrophilic.

The hydrophilic amino acids are generally also in groups of two adjacent amino acids in which at least one of the two amino acids is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, with such groups of two hydrophilic amino acids being spaced from each other by at least one amino acid other than a hydrophilic amino acid (preferably at least two amino acids) and generally no greater than four amino acids, and the amino acids between pairs of hydrophilic amino acids may or may not be hydrophobic.

In accordance with a particularly preferred embodiment, the polypeptide comprises a chain of at least four groups of amino acids, with each group consisting of four amino acids. Two of the four amino acids in each group are hydrophobic amino acids, and two of the four amino acids in each group are hydrophilic, with at least one of the hydrophilic amino acids in each group being a basic hydrophilic amino acid and the other being a basic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.

The hydrophobic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Ala, Cys, Phe, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Pro, Val, Trp, Tyr, norleucine (Nle), norvaline (Nva), and cyclohexylalanine (Cha). The neutral hydrophilic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Asn, Gln, Ser, Thr and homoserine (Hse). The basic hydrophilic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Lye, Arg, His, Orn, homoarginine (Har), 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid (Dbu), and p-aminophenylalanine.

Each of the groups of four amino acids may be of the sequence ABCD, BCDA, CDAB, or DABC, wherein A and B are each hydrophobic amino acids and may be the same or different, one of C or D is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, and the other of C or D is a basic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid and may be the same or different. In one embodiment, the polypeptide chain may comprise 5 or 6 groups of this sequence. In each group, each of A, B, C and D may be the same in some or all of the groups or may be different in some or all of the groups.

The polypeptide chain preferably has at least 20 amino acids, and no greater than 50 amino acids. It is to be understood, however, that the polypeptide does not have to consist entirely of the groups described above. The polypeptide may have amino acids extending from either or both ends of the noted groups forming the polypeptide chain and/or there may be amino acids between one or more of the at least four groups and still remain within the scope of the invention.

The groups of amino acids may be repeating groups of amino acids, or the amino acids in the various groups may vary provided that in each group of the at least four groups of amino acids there are two hydrophobic and two hydrophilic amino acids as hereinabove noted.

Thus the biologically active polypeptide may comprise a chain including at least four groups of amino acids, each containing four amino acids. Two of the four amino acids in each group are hydrophobic, at least one amino acid is basic hydrophilic, and the remaining one is basic or neutral hydrophilic, with the polypeptide chain preferably having at least 20 amino acids but no greater than 50 amino acids.

In one embodiment, each of the at least four groups of amino acids which are in the peptide chain is of the sequence A-B-C-D, B-C-D-A, C-D-A-B or D-A-B-C wherein A and B are hydrophobic amino acids, one of C or D is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, and the other of C or D is basic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid. The resulting polypeptide chain, therefore, may have one of the following sequences:

(X₁)_(a) (A-B-C-D)_(n) (Y₁)_(b)

(X₂)_(a) (B-C-D-A)_(n) (Y₂)_(b)

(X₃)_(a) (C-D-A-B)_(n) (Y₃)_(b)

(X₄)_(a) (D-A-B-C)_(n) (Y₄)_(b)

wherein

X₁ is D; C-D- or B-C-D-,

Y₁ is -A or -A-B or -A-B-C

X₂ is A-, D-A- or C-D-A-

Y₂ is -B, -B-C or B-C-D

X₃ is B-, A-B-, D-A-B-

Y₃ is -C, -C-D, -C-D-A

X₄ is C-, B-C-, A-B-C-

Y₄ is -D, -D-A, -D-A-B

a is 0 or 1; b is 0 or 1

and n is at least 4.

It is to be understood that the peptide chain may include amino acids between the hereinabove noted groups of four amino acids provided that the spacing between such groups and the charge on the amino acids does not change the characteristics of the peptide chain which provide amphiphilicity and a positive charge and do not adversely affect the folding characteristics of the chain to that which is significantly different from one in which the hereinabove noted groups of four amino acids are not spaced from each other.

As representative examples of such peptides, there may be mentioned.

I Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys (SEQ ID NO:1)

II Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys. (SEQ ID NO:2)

III Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala- (SEQ ID NO:3)

IV Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe- (SEQ ID NO:4)

V Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys-Ala-Phe-Ser (SEQ ID NO:5)

The peptide may have amino acids extending from either end of the chain. For example, the chains may have a Ser-Lys sequence before the "Ala" end, and/or an Ala-Phe sequence after the "Lys" end. Other amino acid sequences may also be attached to the "Ala" and/or "Lys" end.

Similarly, in any polypeptide chain having at least four groups of amino acids of the sequence as described above, the chain may have, for example, a C-D sequence before the first A-B-C-D group. Also other amino acid sequences may be attached to the "A" and/or the "D" end of one of these polypeptide chains. Also there may be amino acids in the chain which space one or more groups of the hereinabove noted four amino acids from each other.

In accordance with another embodiment, X is magainin peptide.

A magainin peptide is either a magainin such as magainin I, II or III or an analogue or derivative thereof. The magainin peptides preferably include the following basic peptide structure X₁₂

--R₁₁ -R₁₁ -R₁₂ -R₁₃ -R₁₁ -R₁₄ -R₁₂ -R₁₁ -R₁₄ -R₁₂ -R₁₁ -R₁₁ -R₁₁ -R_(14a) -(R₁₅)_(n) -R_(14a) -R₁₄ --

wherein R₁₁ is a hydrophobic amino acid, R₁₂ is a basic hydrophilic amino acids R₁₃ is a hydrophobic, neutral hydrophilic, or basic hydrophilic amino acids R₁₄ and R_(14a) are hydrophobic or basic hydrophilic amino acids; R₁₅ is glutamic acid or aspartic acid, or a hydrophobic or a basic hydrophilic amino acid, and n is 0 or 1. In a preferred embodiment, R₁₃ is a hydrophobic or amino acid, and R₁₅ is glutamic acid or aspartic acid.

Thus, for example, a magainin peptide may include the following structure:

-Y₁₂ -X₁₂ -

where X₁₂ is the hereinabove described basic peptide structure and Y₁₂ is

(i) R₁₂

(ii) R_(14a) -R₁₂

(iii) R₁₁ -R_(14a) -R₁₂

(iv) R₁₄ -R₁₁ -R_(14a) -R₁₂

where R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₄ and R_(14a) are as previously defined.

A magainin peptide may also have the following structure:

-X₁₂ -Z₁₂ -

wherein X₁₂ is as previously defined and Z₁₂ is:

(i) R₁₆ where R₁₆ is a basic hydrophilic amino acid or asparagine or glutamine.

(ii) R₁₆ -R₁₇ where R₁₇ is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid, a hydrophobic amino acid, or a basic hydrophilic amino acid. Preferably, R₁₇ is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid.

A magainin peptide may also have the following structure:

(Y₁₂)_(a) -X₁₂ -(Z₁₂)_(b)

where X₁₂, Y₁₂ and Z₁₂ ere as previously defined and a is 0 or 1 and b is 0 or 1.

The magainin peptides may also include the following basic peptide structure X₁₃ :

--R₁₄ -R₁₁ -R_(14a) -R₁₂ -R₁₁ -R₁₁ -R₁₂ -R₁₃ - R₁₁ -R₁₄ -R₁₂ -R₁₁ -R₁₁ -R₁₂ -, wherein R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, and R_(14a) are amino acids as hereinabove described.

The magainin peptide may also include the following structure X₁₃ -Z₁₃ ; wherein X₁₃ is the hereinabove described basic peptide structure and Z₁₃ is (R₁₁)_(n) -(R₁₁)_(n) -(R₁₁)_(n) -(R_(14a))_(n) -(R₁₅)_(n) -(R_(14a))_(n) -(R₁₄)_(n) -(R₁₆)n -(R₁₇)_(n) wherein R₁₁, R₁₄, R_(14a), R₁₅, R₁₆, and R₁₇ are as hereinabove described, and n is 0 or 1, and each n may be the same or different.

The magainin peptides generally include at least fourteen amino acids and may include up to forty amino acids. A magainin peptide preferably has 22 or 23 amino acids. Accordingly, the hereinabove described basic peptide structures of a magainin peptide may include additional amino acids at the amino end or at the carboxyl end, or at both ends.

As representative examples of such magainin peptides, there may be mentioned peptides having the following primary sequences as given In the accompanying sequence listing as well as appropriate analogues and derivatives thereof:

(a) (SEQ ID NO:6) (OH) or (NH₂) (Magainin I)

(b) (SEQ ID NO:7) (OH) or (NH₂) (Magainin II)

(c) (SEQ ID NO:8) (OH) or (NH₂) (Magainin III)

The following are examples of peptide derivatives or analogs of the basic structure:

(d) (SEQ ID NO:9) (OH) or (NH₂)

(e) (SEQ ID NO:10) (OH) or (NH₂)

(f) (SEQ ID NO:11) (OH) or (NH₂)

Magainin peptides are described in Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. Vol. 84 pp. 5449-53 (Aug. 87). The term "magainin peptides" as used herein refers to the basic magainin structure as well as derivatives and analogs thereof, including but not limited to the representative derivatives or analogs.

In accordance with a further embodiment, X may be a PGLa peptide or an XPF peptide.

A PGLa peptide is either PGLa or an analogue or derivative thereof. The PGLa peptides preferably include the following basic peptide structure X₁₄ :

-R₁₁ -R₁₇ -R₁₂ -R₁₁ -R₁₄ -R₁₄ -R₁₁ -R₁₁ -R₁₄ -R₁₂ -R₁₁ -R₁₁ -R₁₂ -R₁₁ -R₁₁ -R₁₁ -R₁₂ -

where R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₄, and R₁₇ are as previously defined.

The PGLa peptides generally include at least seventeen amino acids and may include as many as forty amino acids. Accordingly, the hereinabove described basic peptide structure for a PGLa peptide may include additional amino acids at the amino end or at the carboxyl end or at both the amino and carboxyl end.

Thus, for example, a PGLa peptide may have the following structure:

-Y₁₄ -X₁₄ -

where X₁₄ is as previously defined and

Y₁₄ is

(i) R₁₁ ;

(ii) R₁₄ -R₁₁

where R₁₁ and R₁₄ are as previously defined.

For example, a PGLa peptide may also have the following structure:

-X₁₄ -Z₁₄ -

where X₁₄ is as previously defined; and Z₁₄ is:

(i) R₁₁ ; or

(ii) R₁₁ -R₁₁

where R₁₁ is as previously defined.

A PGLa peptide may also have the following structure:

(Y₁₄)_(a) -X₁₄ -(Z₁₄)_(b)

where X₁₄ ; Y₁₄ and Z₁₄ are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1 and b is 0 or 1.

An XPF peptide is either XPF or an analogue or derivative thereof. The XPF peptides preferably include the following basic peptide structure X₁₆ ;

--R₁₁ -R₁₇ -R₁₂ -R₁₁ -R₁₄ -R₁₈ -R₁₇ -R₁₁ -R₁₄ -R₁₂ -R₁₁ -R₁₁ -R₁₂ -R₁₁ -R₁₁ -R₁₁ -R₁₂ -(R₁₅)_(n) -R₁₁ --, wherein

R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₄, R₁₅ and R₁₇ are as previously defined and R₁₈ is glutamine or asparagine or a basic hydrophilic, or hydrophobic amino acid and, n is 0 or 1.

The XPF peptides generally include at least nineteen amino acids and may include up to forty amino acids. Accordingly, the hereinabove described basic peptide structure of XPF may include additional amino acids at the amino end, or at the carboxyl end or at both the amino and carboxyl ends.

Thus, for example, an XPF peptide may include the following structure:

-Y₁₆ -X₁₆ -

where X₁₆ is as previously defined and Y₁₆ is

(i) R₁₁ or

(ii) R₁₄ -R₁₁

where R₁₁ and R₁₄ Ire as previously defined.

An XPF peptide may include the following structure:

-X₁₆ -Z₁₆ -

where X₁₆ is as previously defined and Z₁₆ is:

(i) R₁₁ ; or

(ii) R₁₁ -R₁₈ ; or

(iii) R₁₁ -R₁₈ -Proline; or (iv) R₁₁ -R₁₈ -Proline-R₁₂

An XPF peptide may also have the following structure:

(Y₁₆)_(a) -X₁₆ -(Z₁₆)_(b)

where X₁₆, Y₁₆ and Z₁₆ are as previously defined: a is 0 or 1 and b is 0 or 1.

Preferred are XPF or PGLa peptides, which are characterized by the following primary amino acid sequences as given in the accompanying sequence listing:

PGLa: (SEQ ID NO:12) (NH₂)

XPF: (SEQ ID NO:13)

A review of XPF and PGLa can be found in Hoffman et al, EMBO J. 2:711-714, 1983; Andreu, et al, J. Biochem. 149:531-535, 1985; Gibson, et al J. Biol. Chem. 261:5341-5349, 1986; and Giovannini, et al, Biochem J. 243:113-120, 1987.

In accordance with yet another embodiment, X is a CPF peptide or appropriate analogue or derviative thereof.

CPF peptides as well as analogues and derivatives thereof are herein sometimes referred to collectively as CPF peptides.

The CPF peptide may be one which includes the following basic peptide structure X₂₀ :

R₂₁ -R₂₁ -R₂₂ -R₂₂ -R₂₁ -R₂₁ -R₂₃ -R₂₁ -R₂₁ -R₂₁ -R₂₃ -R₂₁ -R₂₁ -R₂₄ -R₂₅ -R₂₁ -

wherein R₂₁ is a hydrophobic amino acid;

R₂₂ is a hydrophobic amino acid or a basic hydrophilic amino acid;

R₂₃ is a basic hydrophilic amino acid;

R₂₄ is a hydrophobic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid; and

R₂₅ is a basic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.

The hereinabove basic structure is hereinafter symbolically indicated as X₂₀.

The hydrophobic amino acids are Ala, Cys, Phe, Gly, Ile, Led, Met, Val, Trp, Tyr, norleucine (Nle), norvaline (Nva), and cyclohexylalanine (Cha).

The neutral hydrophilic amino acids are Asn, Gln, Ser, Thr, and homoserine (Hse).

The basic hydrophilic amino acids are Lys, Arg, His, Orn, homoarginine (Har), 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dbu), and p-aminophenylalanine.

The CPF peptide may include only the hereinabove noted amino acids or may include additional amino acids at the amino and/or carboxyl end or both the amino and carboxyl end. In general, the peptide does not include more than 40 amino acids.

The CPF peptides including the above basic structure preferably have from 1 to 4 additional amino acids at the amino end.

Accordingly, such preferred peptides may be represented by the structural formula:

Y₂₀ -X₂₀ -

wherein X₂₀ is the hereinabove described basic peptide structure and Y₂₀ is

(i) R₂₅ -, or

(ii) R₂₂ -R₂₅ -; or

(iii) R₂₁ -R₂₂ -R₂₅ -; or

(iv) R₂₂ -R₂₁ -R₂₂ -R₂₅ ; preferably Glycine-R₂₁ -R₂₂ -R₂₅.

wherein R₂₁, R₂₂ and R₂₅ are as previously defined.

The carboxyl end of the basic peptide structure may also have additional amino acids which may range from 1 to 13 additional amino acids.

In a preferred embodiment, the basic structure may have from 1 to 7 additional amino acids at the carboxyl end, which may be represented as follows:

-X₂₀ -Z₂₀ wherein

X is the hereinabove defined basic peptide structure and Z₂₀ is

(i) R₂₁ -, or

(ii) R₂₁ -R₂₁ -; or

(iii) R₂₁ -R₂₁ -R₂₄ ; or

(iv) R₂₁ -R₂₁ -R₂₄ -R₂₄ ; or

(v) R₂₁ -R₂₁ -R₂₄ -R₂₄ -R₂₆ ; or

(vi) R₂₁ -R₂₁ -R₂₄ -R₂₄ -R₂₆ -Gln; or

(vii) R₂₁ -R₂₁ -R₂₄ -R₂₄ -R₂₆ -Gln-Gln, wherein R₂₁ and R₂₄ are as previously defined, and R₂₆ is proline or a hydrophobic amino acid.

Preferred peptides may be represented by the following structural formula

(Y₂₀)_(a) -X₂₀ -(Z₂₀)_(b)

wherein X₂₀, Y₂₀ and Z₂₀ are as previously defined and a is 0 or 1 and b is 0 or 1.

Representative examples of CPF peptides which may be employed, some of which have been described in the literature, include the following sequences as given in the accompanying sequence listing:

(SEQ ID NO:14)

(SEQ ID NO:15)

(SEQ ID NO:16)

(SEQ ID NO:17)

(SEQ ID NO:18)

(SEQ ID NO:19)

(SEQ ID NO:20)

(SEQ ID NO:21)

(SEQ ID NO:22)

(SEQ ID NO:23)

(SEQ ID NO:24)

(SEQ ID NO:25)

(SEQ ID NO:26)

A review of the CPF peptides can be found in Richter, K., Egger, R., and Kreil (1986) J. Biol. Chem 261, 3676-3680; Wakabayashi, T., Kato, H., and Tachibaba, S. (1985) Nucleic Acids Research 13, 1817-1828; Gibson, B. W., Poulter, L., Williams, D. H., and Maggio, J. E. (1986) J. Biol. Chem 261, 5341-5349.

In accordance with yet another embodiment, X is a peptide which includes one of the following basic structures X₃₁ through X₃₇ wherein:

X₃₁ is -[R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ]-_(n) ;

X₃₂ is -[R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ ]-_(n) ;

X₃₃ is -[R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ ]-_(n) ;

X₃₄ is -[R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ]-_(n) ;

X₃₅ is -[R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ ]-_(n) ;

X₃₆ is -[R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ ]-_(n) ; and

X₃₇ is -[R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ ]-_(n) ;

wherein R₃₁ is a basic hydrophilic amino acid, R₃₂ is a hydrophobic amino acid, R₃₃ is a neutral hydrophilic, basic hydrophilic, or hydrophobic amino acid, and n is from 1 to 5.

The basic hydrophilic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Lys, Arg, His, Orn, homoarginine (Har), 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dbu), and p-aminophenylalanine.

The hydrophobic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Ala, Cys, Phe, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Pro, Val, Trp and Tyr,norleucine (Nle), norvaline (Nva), and cyclohexylalanine (Cha).

The neutral hydrophilic amino acids may be selected from the class consisting of Asn, Gln, Set, Thr, and homoserine (Hse).

In accordance with one embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X₃₁, the peptide may include the following structure:

Y₃₁ -X₃₁, wherein X₃₁ is as hereinabove described, and Y₃₁ is:

(i) R₃₂ ;

(ii) R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(iii) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(iv) R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(v) R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂, or

(vi) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂, wherein R₃₁, R₃₂, and R₃₃ are as hereinabove described

In accordance with another embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X₃₁, the peptide may include the following structures:

X₃₁ -Z₃₁, wherein X₃₁ is as hereinabove described, and Z₃₁ is:

(i) R₃₁ ;

(ii) R₃₁ -R₃₂ ;

(iii) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(iv) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ ;

(v) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ ; or

(vi) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂.

In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure:

(Y₃₁)_(a) -X₃₁ -(Z₃₁)_(b), wherein Y₃₁ and Z₃₁ are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.

When the peptide includes the structure X₃₂, the peptide may include the following structure:

Y₃₂ -X₃₂, wherein X₃₂ is as hereinabove described, and Y₃₂ is:

(i) R₃₁ ;

(ii) R₃₂ -R₃₁ ;

(iii) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ ;

(iv) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ ;

(v) R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ ; or

(vi) R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁.

In another embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X₃₂, the peptide may include the following structure:

X₃₂ -Z₃₂, wherein X₃₂ is as hereinabove described, and Z₃₂ is:

(i) R₃₂ ;

(ii) R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(iii) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ ;

(iv) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ ;

(v) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ ; or

(vi) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂.

In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure:

(Y₃₂)₁ -X₃₂ -(Z₃₂)_(b), wherein Y₃₂ and Z₃₂ are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.

In accordance with another embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X₃₃, the peptide may include the following structure:

Y₃₃ -X₃₃ wherein X₃₃ is as hereinabove described, and Y₃₃ is:

(i) R₃₂ ;

(ii) R₃₁ -R₃₂ ;

(iii) R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ ;

(iv) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ ;

(v) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ ; or

(vi) R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂, wherein R₃₁, R₃₂, and R₃₃ are as hereinabove described.

In accordance with another embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X₃₃, the peptide may include the following structure:

X₃₃ -Z₃₃ wherein X₃₃ is as hereinabove described, and Z₃₃ is:

(i) R₃₂ ;

(ii) R₃₂ -R₃₃ ;

(iii) R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ ;

(iv) R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ ;

(v) R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(vi) R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁.

In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure:

(Y₃₃)_(a) -X₃₃ -(Z₃₃)_(b), wherein Y₃₃ and Z₃₃ are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.

In accordance with yet another embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X₃₄, the peptide may include the following structure:

Y₃₄ -X₃₄, wherein X₃₄ is as hereinabove described, and Y₃₄ is:

(i) R₃₂ ;

(ii) R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(iii) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(iv) R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(v) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ; or

(vi) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂, wherein R₃₁, R₃₂ and R₃₃ are as hereinabove described.

In accordance with another embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X₃₄, the peptide may include the following structure:

X₃₄ -Z₃₄, wherein X₃₄ as is hereinabove described, and Z₃₄ is:

(i) R₃₃ ;

(ii) R₃₃ -R₃₁ ;

(iii) R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ ;

(iv) R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(v) R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ ; or

(vi) R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂.

In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure:

(Y₃₄)_(a) -X₃₄ -(Z₃₄)_(b), wherein X₃₄ and Z₃₄ are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.

In accordance with a further embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X₃₅, the peptide may include the following structure:

Y₃₅ -X₃₅, wherein X₃₅ is as hereinabove described, and Y₃₅ is:

(i) R₃₃ ;

(ii) R₃₂ -R₃₃ ;

(iii) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ ;

(iv) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ ;

(v) R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ ; or

(vi) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃, wherein R₃₁, R₃₂, and R₃₃ are as hereinabove described.

In accordance with another embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X₃₅, the peptide may include the following structure:

X₃₅ -Z₃₅ wherein X₃₅ is as hereinabove described, and Z₃₅ is:

(i) R₃₁ ;

(ii) R₃₁ -R₃₂ ;

(iii) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(iv) R₃₁ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ ;

(v) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ ; or

(vi) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂.

In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure:

(Y₃₅)_(a) -X₃₅ (Z₃₅)_(b), wherein X₃₅ and Z₃₅ are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.

In accordance with a further embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X₃₆, the peptide may include the following structure:

Y₃₆ -X₃₆ wherein X₃₆ is as hereinabove described, and Y₃₆ is:

(i) R₃₁ ;

(ii) R₃₃ -R₃₁ ;

(iii) R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ ;

(iv) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ ;

(v) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ ; or

(vi) R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁, and R₃₃ are as hereinabove described.

In accordance with another embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X₃₆, the peptide may include the following structure:

X₃₆ -Z₃₆, wherein X₃₆ is as hereinabove described, and Z₃₆ is:

(i) R₃₂ ;

(ii) R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(iii) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ ;

(iv) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ ;

(v) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ; or

(vi) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃.

In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure:

(Y₃₆)_(a) - X₃₆ (Z₃₆)_(b), wherein Y₃₆ and Z₃₆ are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.

In accordance with one embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X₃₇, the peptide may includes the structure Y₃₇ -X₃₇, wherein X₃₇ is as hereinabove described, and Y₃₇ is:

(i) R₃₂ ;

(ii) R₃₁ -R₃₂ ;

(iii) R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ ;

(iv) R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ ;

(v) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ ; or

(vi) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁ -R₃₂, wherein R₃₁, R₃₂, and R₃₃ are as hereinabove described.

In accordance with a further embodiment, when the peptide includes the structure X₃₇, the peptide may include the following structure:

X₃₇ -Z₃₇ wherein X₃₇ is as hereinabove described, and Z₃₇ is:

(i) R₃₂ ;

(ii) R₃₂ -R₃₁ ;

(iii) R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ ;

(iv) R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(v) R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ ; or

(vi) R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₁.

In accordance with yet another embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure:

(Y₃₇)_(a) -X₃₇ (Z₃₇)_(b), wherein Y₃₇ and Z₃₇ are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.

In a preferred embodiment, n is 3, and most preferably the peptide is of one of the following structures as given in the accompanying sequence listing:

(Lys Ile Ala Gly Lys Ile Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:27).

(Lys Ile Ala Lys Ile Ala Gly)₃ (SEQ ID NO:28).

(Lys Ile Ala Gly Lys Ile Gly)₃ (SEQ ID NO:29).

(Lys Leu Ala Gly Lys Leu Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:30).

(Lys Phe Ala Gly Lys Phe Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:31).

(Lys Ala Leu Set Lys Ala Leu)₃ (SEQ ID NO:32).

(Lys Leu Leu Lys Ala Leu Gly)₃ (SEQ ID NO:33).

(Lys Ala Ile Gly Lys Ala Ile)₃ (SEQ ID NO:34).

(Gly Ile Ala Lys Ile Ala Lye)₃ (SEQ ID NO:35).

(Lys Ile Ala Lys Ile Phe Gly)₃ (SEQ ID NO:36).

(Gly Ile Ala Arg Ile Ala Lye)₃ (SEQ ID NO:37).

(Lys Phe Ala Arg Ile Ala Gly)₃ (SEQ ID NO:38).

(Gly Phe Ala Lys Ile Ala Lys)₃ (SEQ ID NO:39).

(Lys Ile Ala Gly Orn Ile Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:40).

(Lys Ile Ala Arg Ile Ala Gly)₃ (SEQ ID NO:41).

(Orn Ile Ala Gly Lys Ile Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:42).

(Gly Ile Ala Arg Ile Phe Lys)₃ (SEQ ID NO:43).

(Lys Nle Ala Gly Lys Nle Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:44).

(Lys Nle Ala Gly Lys Ile Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:45).

(Lys Ile Ala Gly Lys Nle Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:46).

(Lys Nva Ala Gly Lys Nva Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:47).

(Lys Nva Ala Gly Lys Ile Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:48).

(Lys Leu Leu Ser Lys Leu Gly)₃ (SEQ ID NO:49).

(Lys Leu Leu Ser Lys Phe Gly)₃ (SEQ ID NO:50).

(Lys Ile Ala Gly Lys Nva Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:51).

(His Ile Ala Gly His Ile Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:52).

(Ala Gly Lys Ile Ala Lys Ile)₃ (SEQ ID NO:53).

(Ile Ala Lys Ile Ala Gly Lys)₃ (SEQ ID NO:54).

(Lys Ile Ala Gly Arg Ile Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:55).

(Arg Ile Ala Gly Arg Ile Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:56).

(Lys Val Ala Gly Lys Ile Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:57).

(Lys Ile Ala Gly Lys Val Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:58).

(Ala Lys Ile Ala Gly Lys Ile)₃ (SEQ ID NO:59).

(Orn Ile Ala Gly Orn Ile Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:60).

(Lys Phe Ala Gly Lys Ile Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:61).

(Lys Ile Ala Gly Lys Phe Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:62).

(Lys Cha Ala Gly Lys Ile Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:63).

(Lys Nle Ala Lys Ile Ala Gly)₃ (SEQ ID NO:64).

(Arg Ile Ala Gly Lys Ile Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:65).

(Har Ile Ala Gly Har Ile Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:66).

(Xaa Ile Ala Gly Lys Ile Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:67).

(Lys Ile Ala Gly Xaa Ile Ala)₃ (SEQ ID NO:68).

In ( SEQ ID NO:67) and (SEQ ID NO:68), Xaa is p-aminophenylalanine.

In accordance with another embodiment, X is a peptide which includes the following basic structure X₄₀ :

R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R-₃₃ -R₃₄ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₄ -R₃₂ -R₃₂,

wherein R₃₁, R₃₂, and R₃₃ are as hereinabove described, and R₃₄ is a basic hydrophilic or hydrophobic amino acid.

In accordance with one embodiment, the peptide may include the following structure:

Y₄₀ -X40, wherein X₄₀ is as hereinabove described, and Y₄₀ is:

(i) R₃₂ ;

(ii) R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(iii) R₃₄ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(iv) R₃₃ -R₃₄ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(v) R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₄ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(vi) R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₄ -R₃₂ -R₃₂, or

(vii) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₄ -R₃₂ -R₃₂, wherein R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₃ and R₃₄ are as hereinabove described.

In accordance with another embodiment, X is a peptide which includes the following structure:

X₄₀ -Z₄₀, wherein X₄₀ is as hereinabove described and Z₄₀ is:

(i) R₃₁ ;

(ii) R₃₁ -R₃₂ ;

(iii) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ ;

(iv) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ ;

(v) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₄ ;

(vi) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₄ -R₃₂ ; or

(vii) R₃₁ -R₃₂ -R₃₂ -R₃₃ -R₃₄ -R₃₂ -R₃₂, wherein R₃₁, R₃₂, R.sub. 33, and R₃₄ are is hereinabove described.

In accordance with yet another embodiment the peptide may include the following structure:

(Y₄₀)_(a) -X₄₀ -(Z₄₀)_(b), wherein Y₄₀ and Z₄₀ are as previously defined, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1. In a preferred embodiment, the peptide has the following structural formula as given in the accompanying sequence listing:

(SEQ ID NO: 69)

In another preferred embodiment, the peptide has the following structural formula is given in the accompanying sequence listing:

(SEQ ID NO: 70)

In accordance with a further embodiment, the peptide has one of the one of the following structural formulae as given in the accompanying sequence listing:

(SEQ ID NO: 71)

(SEQ ID NO: 72)

(SEQ ID NO: 73)

(SEQ ID NO: 74)

(SEQ ID NO: 74)

(SEQ ID NO: 75)

(SEQ ID NO: 76)

(SEQ ID NO: 77)

(SEQ ID NO: 78)

(SEQ ID NO: 79)

(SEQ ID NO: 80)

(SEQ ID NO: 81)

(SEQ ID NO: 82)

(SEQ ID NO: 83)

(SEQ ID NO: 84)

(SEQ ID NO: 85)

In accordance with another embodiment, X is a peptide which includes one of the following structural formulae:

(i)--(Lys Ile Ala Lys Lys Ile Ala)-_(n),

(ii)--(Lys Phe Ala Lys Lys Phe Ala)_(n) -, and

(iii)--(Lys Phe Ala Lys Lys Ile Ala)_(n) -, wherein n is from 1 to 5. Preferably, n is 3, and the peptide has one of the following structural formulae:

(Lys Ile Ala Lys Lys Ile Ala)₃

(SEQ ID NO: 86)

(Lys Phe Ala Lys Lys Phe Ala)₃

(SEQ ID NO: 87)

(Lys Phe Ala Lys Lys Ile Ala)₃

(SEQ ID NO: 88)

In accordance with another embodiment, the X is a peptide which is selected from the group consisting of the following structural formulae as given in the accompanying sequence listing:

(SEQ ID NO: 89)

(SEQ ID NO: 90)

(SEQ ID NO: 91)

(SEQ ID NO: 92)

In accordance with yet another embodiment, X is a cecropin or sarcotoxin.

The term cecropins includes the basic structure as well as analogues and derivatives thereof. The cecropins and analogues and derivatives thereof are described in Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 1987, Vol. 41, pages 103-26, in particular page 108, and in Christensen, et al., PNAS vol. 85, pgs. 5072-76, which are hereby incorporated by reference.

The term sarcotoxins includes the basic materials as well as analogues and derivatives thereof. The sarcotoxins and analogues and derivatives thereof are described in Molecular Entomology, pages 369-78, in particular page 375, Alan R. Liss, Inc. (1987), which is hereby incorporated by reference.

In accordance with another embodiment, X is melittin or an analogue or derivative thereof.

Melittin is an amphipathic peptide consisting of 26 amino acid residues, and is isolated from honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom. Harmann, et al., Hoppe-Sevler's Zeitschrift Physiol. Chem., Vol. 348, pgs. 37-50 (1987). Melittin has the following structural formula as represented by the three-letter amino acid code: ##STR11##

In another embodiment, X is a amphiphilic peptide which includes the following basic structure X₅₀ :

R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁.

R₄₁ is a hydrophobic amino acid, and R₄₂ is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.

In one embodiment, the peptide includes the basic structure Y₅₀ -X₅₀ wherein X₅₀ is as hereinabove described and Y₅₀ is:

(i) R₄₁ ;

(ii) R₄₂ -R₄₁ ; or

(iii) R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁, wherein R₄₁ and R₄₂ are as hereinabove described.

In one embodiment, R₄₁ is leucine. In another embodiment, R₄₂ is lysine. Representative examples of peptides in accordance with this aspect of the present invention include those having the following structures:

(SEQ ID NO: 94)

(SEQ ID NO: 95)

(SEQ ID NO: 96)

(SEQ ID NO: 97)

In accordance with another embodiment, X is an amphiphilic peptide which includes the following basic structure X₅₂ :

R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂, wherein R₄₁ is a hydrophobic amino acid and, R₄₂ is a basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid.

In one embodiment R₄₁ is leucine. In another embodiment, R₄₂ is lysine.

In one embodiment, the peptide includes the basic structure Y₅₂ -X₅₂, wherein X₅₂ is as hereinabove described, and Y₅₂ is:

(i) R₄₂ ;

(ii) R₄₁ -R₄₂ ;

(iii) R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ ;

(iv) R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ ; or

(v) R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂.

In one embodiment, the peptide may have the following structure; ##STR12##

In another embodiment, the peptide includes the basic structure X₅₂ -Z₅₂, wherein X₅₂ is as hereinabove described, and Z₅₂ is:

(i) R₄₁ ;

(ii) R₄₁ -R₄₁ ;

(iii) R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ ;

(iv) R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ ; or

(v) R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ ;

In one embodiment, the peptide may have the following structure: ##STR13##

In another embodiment, the peptide may include the structure:

(Y₅₂)_(a) -X₅₂ -(Z₅₂)_(b), wherein X₅₂, Y₅₂ and Z₅₂ are as hereinabove described, and a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.

In another embodiment X is a biologically active amphiphilic peptide which includes the following basic structure X₅₄ :

R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₃ -,

wherein R₄₁ and R₄₂ are as hereinabove described, and R₄₃ is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid.

In one embodiment, the peptide may have the following structure:

(SEQ ID NO: 100)

In another embodiment, the peptide may have the following structure:

(SEQ ID NO: 101)

In another embodiment, X is a biologically active amphiphilic peptide which includes the following basic structure X₅₆ :

R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₄, wherein R₄₁ and R₄₂ are as hereinabove described, and R₄₄ is a neutral hydrophilic amino acid or proline.

In one embodiment, the peptide may include the structure:

X₅₆ -Z₅₆, wherein X₅₆ is as hereinabove described, and Z₅₆ is:

(i) -R₄₂ ;

(ii) -R₄₂ -R₄₂ ;

(iii) -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ ;

(iv) -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ ;

(v) -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ ;

(vi) -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ ; or

(vii) R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁.

In a preferred embodiment, the peptide may have one of the following structures:

(SEQ ID NO: 102); or

(SEQ ID NO: 103).

In another embodiment, X is a biologically active amphiphilic peptide which includes the following basic structure X₅₈ :

R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₃,

wherein R₄₁, R₄₂, and R₄₃ are as hereinabove

In one embodiment, the peptide includes the structure X₅₈ -Z₅₈, wherein X₅₈ is as hereinabove described, and Z₅₈ is:

(i) -R₄₁ ;

(ii) -R₄₁ -R₄₅ ;

(iii) -R₄₁ -R₄₅ -R₄₅ ;

(iv) -R₄₁ -R₄₅ -R₄₅ -R₄₃ ;

(v) -R₄₁ -R₄₅ -R₄₅ -R₄₃ -R₄₁ ;

(vi) -R₄₁ -R₄₅ -R₄₅ -R₄₃ -R₄₁ -R₄₃ ;

(vii) -R₄₁ -R₄₅ -R₄₅ -R₄₃ -R₄₁ -R₄₃ -R₄₃ ;

(viii) -R₄₁ -R₄₅ -R₄₅ -R₄₃ -R₄₁ -R₄₃ -R₄₃ -R₄₅ ; or

(ix) -R₄₁ -R₄₅ -R₄₅ -R₄₃ -R₄₁ -R₄₃ -R₄₃ -R₄₅ -R₄₃, wherein R₄₁ and R₄₃ are as hereinabove described, and R₄₅ is proline.

In one embodiment, the peptide has the following structure:

(SEQ ID NO: 104).

In another embodiment, X is a biologically active amphiphilic peptide which includes the following basic structure X₆₀ :

R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₃ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁, wherein R₄₁, R₄₂, and R₄₃ are as hereinabove described in one embodiment, the peptide may have the following structure:

(SEQ ID NO: 105).

In accordance with another embodiment, X is a peptide which includes the following basic structure X₆₂ :

-R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -,

wherein R₄₁ and R₄₂ are as hereinabove described.

In one embodiment the peptide includes the following structure Y₆₂ -X₆₂, where X₆₂ is as hereinabove described, and Y₆₂ is:

(i) R₄₁ ;

(ii) R₄₂ -R₄₁ ;

(iii) R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ ; or

(iv) R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁.

Representative examples of such peptides include the following, the sequences of which are given in the accompanying sequence listing:

(SEQ ID NO: 106)

(SEQ ID NO: 107)

(SEQ ID NO: 108)

(SEQ ID NO: 109)

(SEQ ID NO: 110)

(SEQ ID NO: 111)

In one embodiment, the peptide includes the structure X₆₂ -Z₆₂, wherein X₆₂ is as hereinabove described, and Z₆₂ is:

(i) R₄₁

(ii) R₄₁ -R₄₂ ;

(iii) R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ ; or

(iv) R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁, where R₄₁ and R₄₂ are as hereinabove described.

A representative example includes the following peptide having the structural formula given below and listed in the accompanying sequence listing:

(SEQ ID NO: 112)

In another embodiment, the peptide has the structure (Y₆₂)₁ -X₆₂ -(Z₆₂)_(b), wherein X₆₂, Y₆₂ and Z₆₂ are as hereinabove described, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.

Representative examples of such peptides include the following, the structures of which are given in the accompanying sequence listing:

(SEQ ID NO: 113)

(SEQ ID NO: 114)

(SEQ ID NO: 115)

(SEQ ID NO: 116)

In another embodiment, X is a peptide having the following structural formula:

(SEQ ID NO: 117)

In another embodiment, X is a biologically active amphiphilic peptide including the following basic structure X₆₄ :

R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -,

wherein R₄₁ and R₄₂ are as hereinabove described.

In one embodiment, the peptide may include the structure Y₆₄ -X₆₄ -, wherein X₆₄ is as hereinabove described, and Y₆₄ is:

(i) -R₄₁ ; or

(ii) R₄₂ -R₄₁.

In another embodiment, the peptide may include the structure X₆₄ -Z₆₄, wherein X₆₄ is as hereinabove described, and Z₆₄ is:

(i) R₄₂ -;

(ii) R₄₂ -R₄₂ ; or

(iii) R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁.

In yet another embodiment, the peptide has the structure:

(Y₆₄)_(a) -X₆₄ -(Z₆₄)_(b), wherein X₆₄, Y₆₄ - and Z₆₄ are as hereinabove described, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.

Representative examples of such peptides include the following:

(SEQ ID NO: 127)

(SEQ ID NO: 128)

(SEQ ID NO: 129)

In yet another embodiment, X is a biologically active amphiphilic peptide including the following basic structure X₆₆ :

R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₆ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁, wherein R₄₁ and R₄₂ are hereinabove described and R₄₆ is glutamic acid. A representative example of such a peptide is the following:

(SEQ ID NO: 130)

In yet another embodiment, X is a biologically active amphiphilic peptide including the following basic structure X₆₈ :

-R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₆ -₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -, wherein R₄₁, R₄₂, and R₄₆ are hereinabove described.

In one embodiment, the peptide includes the following basic structure Y₆₈ -X₆₈, wherein X₆₈ is as hereinabove described, and Y₆₈ is:

(i) R₄₁.

Representative examples of such peptides include the following:

(SEQ ID NO: 131)

(SEQ ID NO: 132).

In another embodiment, X is a biologically active amphiphilic peptide including the following basic structure X₇₀ :

-R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -, wherein R₄₁ and R₄₂ are hereinabove described. A representative example of such a peptide has the following structure:

(SEQ ID NO: 133).

In another embodiment, X is a biologically active amphiphilic peptide including the following basic structure X₇₂ :

-R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₇ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -, wherein R₄₁ and R₄₂ are hereinabove described, and R₄₇ is aspartic acid. A representative example of such a peptide has the following structure:

(SEQ ID NO: 134).

In yet another embodiment, X is a biologically active amphiphilic peptide having the following structure:

(SEQ ID NO: 135).

In yet another embodiment, X is a biologically active amphiphilic peptide including the following structure X₇₄ :

R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₆ -R₄₂ -R₄₁, wherein R₄₁, R₄₂, and R₄₆ are hereinabove described. A representative example of such a peptide has the following structures

(SEQ ID NO: 136).

In another embodiment, X is a biologically active amphiphilic peptide including the following structure X₇₆ :

-R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -, wherein R₄₁ and R₄₂ are hereinabove described.

In another embodiment, the peptide includes the structure Y₇₆ -X₇₆ -, wherein X₇₆ is as hereinabove described, and Y₇₆ is:

(i) -R₄₂ ;

(ii) -R₄₂ -R₄₂ ;

(iii) -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ ;

(iv) -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ ;

(v) -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ ; or

(vi) -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂.

In another embodiment, the peptide includes the structure -X₇₆ -Z₇₆, wherein X₇₆ is as hereinabove described, and Z₇₆ is:

(i) R₄₈ -;

(ii) R₄₈ -R₄₁ -; or

(iii) R₄₈ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -, wherein R₄₁ and R₄₂ are as hereinabove described, and R₄₈ is a basic hydrophilic, neutral hydrophilic, or hydrophobic amino acid.

In yet another embodiment, the peptide has the following structural formula:

(Y₇₆)_(a) -X₇₆ -(Z₇₆)_(b), wherein X₇₆, Y₇₆, and Z₇₆ are as hereinabove described, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1.

Representative examples of such peptides include the following:

(SEQ ID NO: 137)

(SEQ ID NO: 138)

(SEQ ID NO: 139).

In yet another embodiment, X is a biologically active amphiphilic peptide including the following structural formula X₇₈ :

-R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁, wherein R₄₁ and R₄₂ are as hereinabove described. A representative example of much a peptide has the following structure:

(SEQ ID NO: 140).

In another embodiment, X has the following structure:

(SEQ ID NO:149).

In another embodiment, X is a biologically active amphiphilic peptide including the following structural formula X₈₀ :

-R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₆ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -, wherein R₄₁, R₄₂, and R₄₆ are as hereinabove described. A representative example of such a peptide has the following structure:

(SEQ ID NO: 151).

In accordance with yet another embodiment, X is an ion channel-forming peptide or protein.

Ion channel-forming proteins or peptides which may be employed include defensins, also known as human neutrophil antimicrobial peptides (HNP), major basic protein (MBP) of eosinophils, bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI), and a pore-forming cytotoxin called variously perforin, cytolysin, or pore-forming protein. Defensins are described in Selsted, et el., J. Clin. Invest., Vol. 76, pgs. 1436-1439 (1985). MBP proteins are described in Wasmoen, et al., J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 263, pgs 12559-12563. (1988). BPI proteins are described in Ooi, et el, J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 262, pgs. 14891-14894 (1987). Perforin is described in Hankart, et el., J. Exp. Med., 160: 75 (1984), and in Podack, at el., J. Exp. Med:, 160:695 (1984). The above articles are hereby incorporated by reference.

The term ion channel-forming proteins includes the basic structures of the ion channel-forming proteins as well as analogues and derivatives.

In accordance with yet another embodiment, each of the amino acid residues of the peptides or proteins may be a D-amino acid or glycine. Although the scope of this particular embodiment is not to be limited to any theoretical reasoning, it is believed that the above-mentioned peptides or proteins, when consisting entirely of D-amino acid or glycine residues, may have increased resistance to proteolytic enzymes while retaining their activity. Such peptides thus may be administered orally. Also, in accordance with another embodiment, all of the amino acid residues may be D-amino acid or glycine residues, or L-amino acid or glycine residues.

It is also to be understood that the peptides or proteins may be administered in combination with one another.

In accordance with another embodiment, the N-terminal substituted peptides or proteins of the present invention may be employed in combination with an ion having phamacological properties for the purposes hereinabove described.

An ion having pharmacological properties is one which when introduced into a target cell or virus or vitally-infected cell inhibits and/or prevents and/or destroys the growth of the target cell, virus, or vitally-infected cell.

Such an ion having pharmacological properties is one which in the absence of an ion channel forming peptide is unable to cross a natural or synthetic lipid membrane; in particular a cell or virus membrane, in sufficient amounts to affect a cell or virus adversely.

The peptide or protein and ion having pharmacological properties may be administered as a single composition or in separate compositions, and the single or separate compositions may include additional materials, actives and/or inactives, in addition to the peptide or protein and ion having pharmacological properties. As representative examples of ions having pharmacological properties which may be employed, there may be mentioned fluoride, peroxide, bicarbonate, silver, zinc, mercury, arsenic, copper, platinum, antimony, gold, thallium, nickel, selenium, bismuth, and cadmium ions.

The peptide or protein and the ion having pharmacological properties, whether administered or prepared in a single composition or in separate compositions, are employed in amounts effective to inhibit and/or prevent and/or destroy the growth of the target cell, vine, or virally-infected cell. In effect, the ion potentiates the action of the peptide, i.e., the amount of ion As effective to reduce the maximum effective concentration of the peptide or protein for inhibiting growth of a target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell.

The ion having pharmacological properties, when used topically, is generally employed in a concentration of from 0.05% to 2.0%. When used systemically, the ion is generally employed in an amount of from 1 to 10 mg. per kg. of host weight. Peptide or protein dosages may be within the ranges hereinabove described.

It is also to be understood that the peptide or protein and ion having pharmacological properties, may be delivered or administered in different forms; for example, the ion may be administered orally, while the peptide may be administered by IV or IP.

As representative examples of administering the peptide or protein and ion for topical or local administration, the peptide could be administered in an amount of up to about 1% weight to weight and the ion delivered in an amount of about 50 mM (about 0.1%). Alternatively, the ion, in the form of a salt such as sodium fluoride, could be administered orally in conjunction with systemic administration of the peptide or protein. For example, the peptide or protein may be administered IV or IP to achieve a serum dose of 100 micrograms per milliliter (10 milligrams per kilogram) in conjunction with an oral dose of ion, in particular, sodium fluoride, of 10 meq per kilogram.

In accordance with another embodiment, the peptides or proteins of the present invention may be administered to a host in combination with an antibiotic selected from the class consisting of bacitracins, gramacidin, polymyxin, vancomycin, teichoplanin, aminoglycosides, hydrophobic antibiotics, penicillins, monobactams, or derivatives or analogues thereof.

The bacitracins, gramacidin, polymyxin, vancomycin, teichoplanin, and derivatives and analogues thereof, are a group of polypeptide antibiotics. A preferred bacitracin is bacitracin A.

Aminoglycoside antibiotics include tobramycin, kanamycin, amikacin, the gentamicins (e.g., gentamicin C₁, gentamicin C₂, gentamicin C_(1a)), netilmicin, and derivatives and analogues thereof. The preferred aminoglycosides are tobramycin and the gentamicins. The aminoglycosides, and the bacitracins hereinabove described, tend to be hydrophilic and water-soluble.

Penicillins which may be employed include, but are not limited to benzyl penicillin, ampicillin, methicillin (dimethoxyphenyl penicillin), ticaricillin, penicillin V (phenoxymethyl penicillin), oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, amoxicillin, and amidinocillin. Preferred penicillins which may be employed are benzyl penicillin and ampicillin. A preferred monobactam which may be employed is aztreonam.

As representative examples of hydrophobic antibiotics which may be used in the present invention, there may be mentioned macrolides such as erythromycin, roxythromycin, clarithromycin, etc.; 9-N-alkyl derivatives of erythromycin; midecamycin acetate; azithromycin; flurithromycin; rifabutin; rokitamycin; a 6-O-methyl erythromycin A known as TE-031 (Taisho); rifapentine; benzypiperazinyl rifamycins such as CGP-7040, CGP-5909, CGP-279353 (Ciba-Geigy); an erythromycin A derivative with a cyclic carbamate fused to the C₁₁ /C₁₂ position of a macrolids ring known as A-62514 (Abbott); AC-7230 (Toys Jozo); benzoxazinorifamycin; difficidin; dirithromycin; a 3-N-piperdinomethylzaino methyl rifamycin SV known as FCE-22250 (Farmitalia); M-119-a (Kirin Brewery); a 6-O-methyl-1-4"-O-carbamoyl erythromycin known as A-63075 (Abbott); 3-formylrifamycin SV-hydrazones with diazabicycloalkyl side chains such as CGP-27557 and CGP-2986 (Ciba-Geigy); and 16-membered macrolides having a 3-O-alpha-L-cladinosyl moiety, such as 3-O-alpha-L-cladinosyldeepoxy rosaramicin; tylosins and acyl demycinosyl tylosins.

In addition to the macrolides hereinabove described, rifamycin, carbenicillin, and nafcillin may be employed as well.

Other antibiotics which may be used (whether or not hydrophobic) are antibiotics which are 50-S ribosome inhibitors such as lincomycin; clindamycin; and chloramphenicol; etc.; antibiotics which have a large lipid like lactone ring, such as mystatin; pimaricin, etc.

The peptide or protein and antibiotic may be adminstered by direct administration to a target cell or by systemic or topical administration to a host which includes the target cell, in order to prevent, destroy or inhibit the growth of a target cell. Target cells whose growth may be prevented, inhibited, or destroyed by the administration of the peptides and antibiotic include Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungal cells.

The antibiotic, such as those hereinabove described, or derivatives or analogues thereof, when used topically, is generally employed in a concetration of about 0.1% to about 10%. When used systemically, the antibiotic or derivative or analogue thereof is generally employed in an amount of from 1.25 mg. to about 45 mg. per kg. of host weight per day. Peptide or protein dosages may be those as hereinabove described.

As representative examples of administering the peptide or protein and antibiotic for topical or local administration, the peptide or protein could be administered in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 10% weight to weight, and the antibiotic is delivered in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 10% weight to weight.

In accordance with another embodiment, the peptides or proteins of the present invention may be administered in combination with an antiparasitic agent or an antifungal agent.

Antiparasitic agents which may be employed include, but are not limited to, anti-protozoan agents. Examples of specific anti-parasitic agents which may be employed include, but are not limited to, pentamidine isethionate, and propamidine isethionate (Brolene).

Anti-fungal agents which may be employed include, but are not limited to, ketoconazole. It is also to be understood that certain anti-parasitic agents, may also have anti-fungal activity, and that certain anti-fungal agents may have anti-parasitic activity.

In accordance with another embodiment, the peptides or proteins of the present invention may be administered in combination with an antibiotic which inhibits DNA gyrase, which is an enzyme involved in the formation of bonds between individual coiling strands of replicating bacterial DNA. Thus, DNA gyrase is necessary for the normal replication of bacterial DNA, and, therefore, antibiotics which inhibit DNA gyrase inhibit the normal replication of bacterial DNA.

Examples of antibiotics which inhibit DNA gyrase include nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, cinoxacin, and quinolone antibiotics which include ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, fleroxacin, tosulfloxacin, temafloxacin, and rufloxacin.

The present invention will be further described with respect to the following examples; however, the scope of the invention is not to be limited thereby.

EXAMPLE 1

Table I, which follows, indicates the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) in μg/ml of various peptides, against S. aureus strain ATCC 25923(S), P. aeruginosa strain ATCC 27853(P), and E. coli ATCC strain 25922(E), and C. albicans (CA). A "D" indicates that each amino acid residue is a D-amino acid residue or a glycine residue. The peptides ere unsubstituted at the N-terminal, substituted with an acetyl group at the N-terminal as indicated by Ac-; substituted with an octanoyl group at the N-terminal as indicated by Oct-, substituted with sphingosine as indicated by Sph-; substituted with a succinyl group, as indicated by Suc-; substituted with a hexanoyl group, as indicated by Hex-; substituted with a heptanoyl group, as indicated by Hep; substituted with a valeryl group, as indicated by Val-; substituted with, a myristryl group, as indicated by Myr-; or substituted with an ibuprofyl group, as indicated by Ibu-.

The procedure for the antibacterial assay is based upon the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Document M7-T2, Volume 8, No. 8, 1988.

Stock solutions of peptides with and without the appropriate substitutions, are prepared at a concentration of 512 μg/ml in sterile deionized distilled water and stored at -70° C. Each peptide is a C-terminal amide.

The stock peptide solution is diluted in serial dilutions (1:2) down the wells of a microtiter plate so that the final concentrations of peptides in the wells are 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 μg/ml. 1-5×10⁵ CFUs/ml of either S. aureus ATCC 25923, E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, or C. albicans, were added to the wells in full strength Mueller Hinton broth (BBL 11443) from a mid-log culture. The inoculum is standardized spectrophotometrically at 600 nm and is verified by colony counts. The plates are incubated for 16-20 hours at 37° C., and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each peptide is determined. Minimal inhibitory concentration is defined as the lowest concentration of peptide which produces a clear well in the microtiter plate. The minimal inhibitory concentration of each of the peptides with and/or without the appropriate substitutions is given in Table I below.

                  TABLE I                                                          ______________________________________                                         Minimal Inhibitory Concentration                                               (μg/ml)                                                                     Peptide          S       P       E     CA                                      ______________________________________                                         Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 27)-NH.sub.2                                                                    2       4       2     16                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 27)-OH                                                                          8       8       4     32                                      Ac-(SEQ ID NO: 27)-NH.sub.2                                                                     32      128     8     N/A                                     (SEQ ID NO: 27)-NH.sub.2                                                                        8,16    64,128  8     N/A                                     (SEQ ID NO: 27)-OH                                                                              128     128     8     N/A                                     Sph-Suc-(SEQ ID NO: 27)-NH.sub.2                                                                64      >256    32    N/A                                     Suc-(SEQ ID NO: 27)-NH.sub.2                                                                    >256    >256    32    128                                     Ibu-(SEQ ID NO: 27)-NH.sub.2                                                                    2       4       8     128                                     (SEQ ID NO: 66)-NH.sub.2                                                                        4       32      32    64                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 66)-NH.sub.2                                                                    4       16      8     256                                     (SEQ ID NO: 86)-OH                                                                              128     32      2     256                                     Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 86)-OH                                                                          8       4       2     128                                     Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 106)-NH.sub.2                                                                   128     32,64   128   64,128                                  Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 107)-NH.sub.2                                                                   128     256     >256  128                                     Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 108)-NH.sub.2                                                                   16      4       64    64                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 109)-NH.sub.2                                                                   8       4       16    32                                      (SEQ ID NO: 110)-NH.sub.2                                                                       >256    32,64   64,128                                                                               N/A                                     Ac-(SEQ ID NO: 110)-NH.sub.2                                                                    256     8,16    32,64 N/A                                     Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 110)-NH.sub.2                                                                   4       4       8     32                                      Oct-D-(SEQ ID NO: 110)-NH.sub.2                                                                 4       4       16    32                                      Hex-(SEQ ID NO: 110)-NH.sub.2                                                                   16      8       16    64                                      Hep-(SEQ ID NO: 110)-NH.sub.2                                                                   8       4       16    32                                      Val-(SEQ ID NO: 110)-NH.sub.2                                                                   64      8       32    32                                      Myr-(SEQ ID NO: 110)-NH.sub.2                                                                   16      16      16    >256                                    Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 111)-NH.sub.2                                                                   64      8       32    32                                      (SEQ ID NO: 113)-NH.sub.2                                                                       16,32   8,16    32    N/A                                     Ac-(SEQ ID NO: 113)-NH.sub.2                                                                    32      64      64    N/A                                     Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 113)-NH.sub.2                                                                   8       8       8     128                                     Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 118)-NH.sub.2                                                                   >256    256     >256  >256                                    Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 119)-NH.sub.2                                                                   >256    >256    >256  >256                                    Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 120)-NH.sub.2                                                                   64      128     256   64                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 121)-NH.sub.2                                                                   128     256     256   256                                     Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 122)-NH.sub.2                                                                   32      32      64    64                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 123)-NH.sub.2                                                                   32      16      32    32                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 124)-NH.sub.2                                                                   128     64      256   128                                     Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 125)-NH.sub.2                                                                   8       8       16    64                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 126)-NH.sub.2                                                                   8       8       8     64                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 127)-NH.sub.2                                                                   >256    32      32    128                                     Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 128)-NH.sub.2                                                                   128     64      32    32                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 129)-NH.sub.2                                                                   128     16      32    128                                     Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 130)-NH.sub.2                                                                   4       4       4     8                                       Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 131)-NH.sub.2                                                                   8       8       4     64                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 132)-NH.sub.2                                                                   32      8       8     64                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 133)-NH.sub.2                                                                   16      32      32    128                                     Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 134)-NH.sub.2                                                                   64      8       16    64                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 135)-NH.sub.2                                                                   32      8       64    64                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 136)-NH.sub.2                                                                   256     64      256   128                                     Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 137)-NH.sub.2                                                                   256     256     >256  256                                     Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 138)-NH.sub.2                                                                   4       8       8     64                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 139)-NH.sub.2                                                                   16      32      16    128                                     Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 140)-NH.sub.2                                                                   32      8       16    64                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 141)-NH.sub.2                                                                   4       4       8     32                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 142)-NH.sub.2                                                                   4       2       8     32                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 143)-NH.sub.2                                                                   16      2       16    16                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 144)-NH.sub.2                                                                   8       4       16    32                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 145)-NH.sub.2                                                                   4       8       16    64                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 146)-NH.sub.2                                                                   8       4       16    32                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 147)-NH.sub.2                                                                   32      32      32    128                                     Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 148)-NH.sub.2                                                                   32      8       32    128                                     (SEQ ID NO: 149)-NH.sub.2                                                                       256     32      32    64                                      Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 149)-NH.sub.2                                                                   64      16      32    128                                     Hex-(SEQ ID NO: 150)-NH.sub.2                                                                   16      128     32    128                                     Myr-(SEQ ID NO: 151)-NH.sub.2                                                                   64      128     64    >256                                    Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 153)-NH.sub.2                                                                   8       8       32    64                                      ______________________________________                                    

The above results indicate that when a biologically active peptide is substituted with a lipophilic moiety of the present invention, the peptide has increased biological activity against a variety of microorganisms.

EXAMPLE 2

Stock cultures of P. gingivalis, S. mutans or A. viscosus are maintained on Brucella blood agar plates with hemin and vitamin K₁ (BBL, Cockeysville, Md.) and are grown under anaerobic conditions (Coy Anaerobic Chamber, Ann Arbor, Mich.) with an atmosphere of 80% N₁ -10%H₂ -1-%CO₂ at 37° C. Experimental cultures are grown up in Brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, (BBL, Cockeysville, Md.) plus hemin (2.5 mg/liter) (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Ill.) plus vitamin K₁ (0.25mg/liter) (Sigman Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.). For susceptibility testing cultures are taken from overnight (24 hour) broth cultures and diluted in fresh BHI broth (plus hemin plus vitamin K₁) to deliver 1×10⁶ colony-forming units (CFUs)/ml in each microtiter test well.

Antimicrobial susceptibility tests are performed according to the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) (Document M11-T2, 1989). Microtiter plates (Corning, Corning, N.Y.) are filled aseptically with BHI broth (plus hemin plus vitamin K₁) to a volume of 100 μl by the use of a Beckman Biomek 1000 robotic instrument (Beckman Instruments, Palo Alto, Calif.). Peptides are tested in duplicate lanes by adding manually 100 μl of a 1.024 mg/ml peptide solution in water (w/v) to the top wells of a microtiter plate lane. The peptide is diluted serially 1:2 by mixing and transferring 100 μl from the top well down to the bottom well in the lane by use of the Beckman Biomek 1000 (Beckman Instruments, Palo Alto, Calif.). The last 100 μl from the bottom well is discarded. One hundred microliters of the bacteria are added in BHI (plus hemin plus vitamin K₁) to each test well to give final peptide dilutions from 0.25 μg/ml. The plates are incubated in the anaerobic chamber at 37° C. for 24-48 hours. After incubation, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined as the lowest concentration of peptide which inhibits growth as determined by visual inspection and optical density when read on a Dynatech MR₅₀₀₀ microtiter plate reader at 630 nm (Dynatech Laboratories, Chantilly, Va.). The results are given in Table II below.

                                      TABLE II                                     __________________________________________________________________________     MIC (μl/ml)                                                                 P. gingivalis (strain)                                                         Peptide       381 A7A1-28                                                                              FAY-19M-1                                                                             9-14K-1                                                                             W50 S. mutans                                                                            A. viscos                        __________________________________________________________________________     (SEQ ID NO: 27)-NH.sub.2                                                                     128 16    64     8,128                                                                               4   16    16                               Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 27)-NH.sub.2                                                                 16  4     4      4    16  16    16                               Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 27)-OH                                                                       2   1     2      2    1   16    32                               (SEQ ID NO: 66)-NH.sub.2                                                                     16  4     8      2    4   8     8                                Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 66)-NH.sub.2                                                                 4   8     2      2    2   32    16                               (SEQ ID NO: 86)-NH.sub.2                                                                     8   2     8,128  8    4   4     16                               (SEQ ID NO: 86)-OH                                                                           16  4     8      16   4   16    32                               Oct-(SEQ ID NO: 86)-OH                                                                       1   1     1      1    1   16    32                               (SEQ ID NO: 152)-NH.sub.2                                                                    32  4,8   8      4    4   16    16                               __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 3

CD-1 male mice (average body weight, 22.8 g) were inoculated with live E. coli strain 21915-1 (2.3×10⁵ CFU/mouse) by injection intraperitoneally. Oct-(SEQ ID NO:143)-NH₂ then was injected intravenously via the tail vein at 1 and 5 hours post-inoculation. Control mice were inoculated and treated with 0.9% saline. Each different treatment group had 10 mice per group. All control mice died. Treatment doses of Oct-(SEQ ID NO:143)-NH₂ were 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg in toto, and resulted in 20%, 40%, 90%, and 90% survival at six days post-inoculation, respectively.

EXAMPLE 4

Oct-(SEQ ID NO:143)-NH₂ was injected intravenously into male C57BL/6J mice (average body weight, 20.1 g) approximately two minutes prior to intraperitoneal injection of a solution of lipopolysaccharide (either 0.1 μg or 0.5 μg/mouse) from E. coli serotype 0111:B4 and galactosamine (8 mg/mouse). Treatment doses of Oct-(SEQ ID NO:143)-NH₂ were 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, or 15 mg/kg (10 mice/group and when administered prior to 0.5 μg lipopolysaccharide/mouse resulted in 10%, 0%, 30%, 0%, 50%, and 60% survival at five days post-lipopolysaccharide administration, respectively. When these doses were administered prior to the administration of 0.1 μg lipopolysaccharide/mouse, the results were 40%, 90%, 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100% survival at five days post-lipopolysaccharide administration, respectively.

EXAMPLE 5

A stock solution (10×) of 0.6 mM dye is prepared by adding 1.68 mg of (1-ethyl-2-(3-[1-ethylnaphthol(1,2-d)- thiazolin-2- ylidene]-2-methylpropenyl)naphtho-(1,2-d)-thiazolium bromide (Signa E-7762) to 5 ml of 200 proof ethanol. 1 ml of this solution was added to 9 ml ethanol to give 0.06 mM of dye (60 μM dye).

A stock solution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli serotype 0111:B4 was prepared at 1.5 mg/ml. 400 μl of this solution was mixed with 4.6 ml pyrogen free water to give a 120 μg/ml solution.

Row 1 and rows 3 through 12 of a microtiter plate were filled with 100 μl of pyrogen free water or with 10 mg/ml of bovine serum albumin. 200 μl of peptide then is added to row 2 of the microtiter plate at a concentration of 1 ml/ml. 200 μl of pyrogen free water is added to each of the control wells in two lanes (having dye and LPS but no peptide or having dye and no LPS and no peptide). 100 μl then is serially diluted from row 2 through row 12 of the microtiter plate. 50 μl of PBS (pH 7.4) and 50 μl of the LPS solution then are added to row 1 of the plate (blank wells).

Equal volumes of the LPS solution, the dye, and PBS (pH 7.4, approx. 150 mM) are mixed to form a dye-buffer--LPS mixture having LPS at a final concentration of 40 μg/mi and dye at a final concentration of 20 μM. The dye-buffer LPS mixture then is incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature in the dark.

100 μl of the dye-LPS-buffer mixture then is added to every well of the microtiter plate except to the blank wells and to the control lane that does not have LPS or peptide. The plate is incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature in the dark, and the absorbance at 460 nm and 510 nm is read. From these absorbances, the LPS50 value, which is the concentration in mg/ml of peptide necessary to inhibit the binding of 50% of the lipopolysaccharide to the dye, is calculated.

The above procedure was carried out for the peptides listed in Table III below.

                  TABLE III                                                        ______________________________________                                         Peptide                 LPS50 (μg/ml)                                       ______________________________________                                         Oct-(SEQ ID NO:106)-NH.sub.2                                                                           6.80                                                   Oct-(SEQ ID NO:107)-NH.sub.2                                                                           15.00                                                  Oct-(SEQ ID NO:109)-NH.sub.2                                                                           0.60                                                   Oct-(SEQ ID NO:110)-NH.sub.2                                                                           0.84                                                   Oct-D-(SEQ ID NO:110)-NH.sub.2                                                                         0.97                                                   Oct-D-(SEQ ID NO:110)-NH.sub.2 -melibionic acid                                                        45.00                                                  Oct-(SEQ ID NO:111)-NH.sub.2                                                                           1.00                                                   Oct-(SEQ ID NO:121)-NH.sub.2                                                                           20.00                                                  Oct-(SEQ ID NO:123)-NH.sub.2                                                                           1.70                                                   Oct-(SEQ ID NO:137)-NH.sub.2                                                                           4.80                                                   Oct-(SEQ ID NO:138)-NH.sub.2                                                                           1.00                                                   Oct-(SEQ ID NO:142)-NH.sub.2                                                                           0.70                                                   Oct-(SEQ ID NO:143)-NH.sub.2                                                                           0.90                                                   ______________________________________                                    

The peptides or proteins of the present invention, whether administered alone or in combination with agents such as ions having pharmacological properties, antibiotics, or other biologically active peptides or proteins as hereinabove described, may be employed in a wide variety of pharmaceutical compositions in combination with a non-toxic pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle such a filler, non-toxic buffer, or physiological saline solution. Such pharmaceutical compositions may be used topically or systemically and may be in any suitable form such as a liquid, solid, semi-solid, injectable solution, tablet, ointment, lotion, paste, capsule or the like. The peptides or proteins and/or agent as hereinabove described may also be used in combination with adjuvants, protease inhibitors, or compatible drugs where such a combination is seen to be desirable or advantageous in controlling infection caused by harmful microorganisms including protozoa, viruses, parasites, fungi, and the like.

The peptides or proteins may be administered to a host in particular an animal, in an effective antibiotic and/or anti-tumor and/or antiviral and/or antimicrobial and/or antispermicidal and/or antifungal and/or antiparasitic amount, or in an amount effective to stimulate wound healing in a host, or in an amount effective in treating septic shock in a host. The peptides or proteins may be administered either alone or in combination with an ion having pharmacological properties, antibiotic, or ion channel forming peptide or protein as hereinabove described. When the peptide or protein is administered in combination with an ion having pharmacological properties, the activity of the peptide or protein is potentiated.

When the peptide or protein is administered in combination with an agent as hereinabove described, it is possible to administer the peptide and agent in separate forms. For example, the agent may be administered systemically and the peptide or protein may be administered topically.

When the peptide or protein is administered topically, it may be administered in combination with a water-soluble vehicle, said water-soluble vehicle being in the form of an ointment, cream, lotion, paste or the like. Examples of water-soluble vehicles which may be employed include, but are not limited to, glycols, such as polyethylene glycol, hydroxycellulose, and KY Jelly. The water-soluble vehicle is preferably free of an oily substance.

The peptide or protein may also be employed alone, or in combination with an ion having pharmacological properties, as hereinabove described in the form of an oral composition for oral hygiene. Such a composition may be incorporated into a wide variety of compositions and materials used for oral hygiene purposes, which include, but are not limited to, toothpastes, mouthwashes, tooth gels, and tooth powders. Such composition may thus be used to treat or prevent periodontal disease, to prevent or reduce plaque, gingivitis, and/or to prevent or treat or reduce dental caries. The peptide and ion having pharmacological properties may be used to inhibit, prevent, or destroy the growth of Streptococcus mutans, which is associated with dental caries and periodontal disease.

It is to be understood, however, that the scope of the present invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention may be practiced other than as particularly described and still be within the scope of the accompanying claims.

    __________________________________________________________________________     SEQUENCE LISTING                                                               (1) GENERAL INFORMATION:                                                       (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 153                                                 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 20 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:                                        AlaPheSerLysAlaPheSerLysAlaPheSerLysAlaPheSerLys                               151015                                                                         AlaPheSerLys                                                                   20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 24 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:                                        AlaPheSerLysAlaPheSerLysAlaPheSerLysAlaPheSerLys                               151015                                                                         AlaPheSerLysAlaPheSerLys                                                       20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 16 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:                                        PheSerLysAlaPheSerLysAlaPheSerLysAlaPheSerLysAla                               151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 20 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4:                                        SerLysAlaPheSerLysAlaPheSerLysAlaPheSerLysAlaPhe                               151015                                                                         SerLysAlaPhe                                                                   20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 16 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:                                        LysAlaPheSerLysAlaPheSerLysAlaPheSerLysAlaPheSer                               151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 23 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:                                        GlyIleGlyLysPheLeuHisSerAlaGlyLysPheGlyLysAlaPhe                               151015                                                                         ValGlyGluIleMetLysSer                                                          20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 23 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7:                                        GlyIleGlyLysPheLeuHisSerAlaLysLysPheGlyLysAlaPhe                               151015                                                                         ValGlyGluIleMetAsnSer                                                          20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 22 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8:                                        GlyIleGlyLysPheLeuHisSerAlaLysLysPheGlyLysAlaPhe                               151015                                                                         ValGlyGluIleMetAsn                                                             20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 22 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9:                                        IleGlyLysPheLeuHisSerAlaLysLysPheGlyLysAlaPheVal                               151015                                                                         GlyGluIleMetAsnSer                                                             20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:10:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:10:                                       GlyLysPheLeuHisSerAlaLysLysPheGlyLysAlaPheValGly                               151015                                                                         GluIleMetAsnSer                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:11:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 20 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:11:                                       LysPheLeuHisSerAlaLysLysPheGlyLysAlaPheValGlyGlu                               151015                                                                         IleMetAsnSer                                                                   20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:12:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:12:                                       GlyMetAlaSerLysAlaGlyAlaIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysVal                               151015                                                                         AlaLeuLysAlaLeu                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:13:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 25 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:13:                                       GlyTrpAlaSerLysIleGlyGlnThrLeuGlyLysIleAlaLysVal                               151015                                                                         GlyLeuLysGluLeuIleGlnProLys                                                    2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:14:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:14:                                       GlyPheGlySerPheLeuGlyLeuAlaLeuLysAlaAlaLeuLysIle                               151015                                                                         GlyAlaAsnAlaLeuGlyGlyAlaProGlnGln                                              2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:15:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:15:                                       GlyLeuAlaSerPheLeuGlyLysAlaLeuLysAlaGlyLeuLysIle                               151015                                                                         GlyAlaHisLeuLeuGlyGlyAlaProGlnGln                                              2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:16:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:16:                                       GlyLeuAlaSerLeuLeuGlyLysAlaLeuLysAlaGlyLeuLysIle                               151015                                                                         GlyThrHisPheLeuGlyGlyAlaProGlnGln                                              2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:17:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:17:                                       GlyLeuAlaSerLeuLeuGlyLysAlaLeuLysAlaThrLeuLysIle                               151015                                                                         GlyThrHisPheLeuGlyGlyAlaProGlnGln                                              2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:18:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:18:                                       GlyPheAlaSerPheLeuGlyLysAlaLeuLysAlaAlaLeuLysIle                               151015                                                                         GlyAlaAsnMetLeuGlyGlyThrProGlnGln                                              2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:19:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:19:                                       GlyPheGlySerPheLeuGlyLysAlaLeuLysAlaAlaLeuLysIle                               151015                                                                         GlyAlaAsnAlaLeuGlyGlyAlaProGlnGln                                              2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:20:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:20:                                       GlyPheGlySerPheLeuGlyLysAlaLeuLysAlaAlaLeuLysIle                               151015                                                                         GlyAlaAsnAlaLeuGlyGlySerProGlnGln                                              2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:21:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:21:                                       GlyPheAlaSerPheLeuGlyLysAlaLeuLysAlaAlaLeuLysIle                               151015                                                                         GlyAlaAsnLeuLeuGlyGlyThrProGlnGln                                              2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:22:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:22:                                       GlyPheAlaSerPheLeuGlyLysAlaLeuLysAlaAlaLeuLysIle                               151015                                                                         GlyAlaAsnAlaLeuGlyGlyAlaProGlnGln                                              2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:23:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:23:                                       GlyPheAlaSerPheLeuGlyLysAlaLeuLysAlaAlaLeuLysIle                               151015                                                                         GlyAlaAsnMetLeuGlyGlyAlaProGlnGln                                              2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:24:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:24:                                       GlyPheGlySerPheLeuGlyLysAlaLeuLysAlaAlaLeuLysIle                               151015                                                                         GlyAlaAsnAlaLeuGlyGlySerLeuGlnGln                                              2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:25:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:25:                                       GlyPheGlySerPheLeuGlyLysAlaLeuLysAlaGlyLeuLysIle                               151015                                                                         GlyThrAsnPheLeuGlyGlyAlaProGlnGln                                              2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:26:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:26:                                       GlyLeuAlaSerLeuLeuGlyLysAlaLeuLysAlaAlaLeuLysIle                               151015                                                                         GlyAlaAsnAlaLeuGlyGlySerProGlnGln                                              2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:27:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:27:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:28:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:28:                                       LysIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaLysIleAlaGly                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:29:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:29:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysIleGlyLysIleAlaGlyLysIleGlyLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleGly                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:30:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:30:                                       LysLeuAlaGlyLysLeuAlaLysLeuAlaGlyLysLeuAlaLysLeu                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysLeuAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:31:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:31:                                       LysPheAlaGlyLysPheAlaLysPheAlaGlyLysPheAlaLysPhe                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysPheAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:32:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:32:                                       LysAlaLeuSerLysAlaLeuLysAlaLeuSerLysAlaLeuLysAla                               151015                                                                         LeuSerLysAlaLeu                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:33:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:33:                                       LysLeuLeuLysAlaLeuGlyLysLeuLeuLysAlaLeuGlyLysLeu                               151015                                                                         LeuLysAlaLeuGly                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:34:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:34:                                       LysAlaIleGlyLysAlaIleLysAlaIleGlyLysAlaIleLysAla                               151015                                                                         IleGlyLysAlaIle                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:35:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:35:                                       GlyIleAlaLysIleAlaLysGlyIleAlaLysIleAlaLysGlyIle                               151015                                                                         AlaLysIleAlaLys                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:36:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:36:                                       LysIleAlaLysIlePheGlyLysIleAlaLysIlePheGlyLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaLysIlePheGly                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:37:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:37:                                       GlyIleAlaArgIleAlaLysGlyIleAlaArgIleAlaLysGlyIle                               151015                                                                         AlaArgIleAlaLys                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:38:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:38:                                       LysPheAlaArgIleAlaGlyLysPheAlaArgIleAlaGlyLysPhe                               151015                                                                         AlaArgIleAlaGly                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:39:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:39:                                       GlyPheAlaLysIleAlaLysGlyPheAlaLysIleAlaLysGlyPhe                               151015                                                                         AlaLysIleAlaLys                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:40:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(5, 12, 19)                                                (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is ornithine."                               (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:40:                                       LysIleAlaGlyXaaIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyXaaIleAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyXaaIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:41:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:41:                                       LysIleAlaArgIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaArgIleAlaGlyLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaArgIleAlaGly                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:42:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(1, 8, 15)                                                 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is ornithine."                               (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:42:                                       XaaIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaXaaIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaXaaIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:43:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:43:                                       GlyIleAlaArgIlePheLysGlyIleAlaArgIlePheLysGlyIle                               151015                                                                         AlaArgIlePheLys                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:44:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(2, 6, 9, 13, 16, 20)                                      (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is norleucine."                              (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:44:                                       LysXaaAlaGlyLysXaaAlaLysXaaAlaGlyLysXaaAlaLysXaa                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysXaaAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:45:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(2, 9, 16)                                                 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is norleucine."                              (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:45:                                       LysXaaAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysXaaAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysXaa                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:46:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(6, 13, 20)                                                (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is norleucine."                              (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:46:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysXaaAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysXaaAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysXaaAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:47:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(2, 6, 9, 13, 16, 20)                                      (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is norvaline."                               (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:47:                                       LysXaaAlaGlyLysXaaAlaLysXaaAlaGlyLysXaaAlaLysXaa                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysXaaAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:48:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(2, 9, 16, 20)                                             (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is norvaline."                               (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:48:                                       LysXaaAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysXaaAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysXaa                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysXaaAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:49:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:49:                                       LysLeuLeuSerLysLeuGlyLysLeuLeuSerLysLeuGlyLysLeu                               151015                                                                         LeuSerLysLeuGly                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:50:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:50:                                       LysLeuLeuSerLysPheGlyLysLeuLeuSerLysPheGlyLysLeu                               151015                                                                         LeuSerLysPheGly                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:51:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(6, 13, 20)                                                (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is norvaline."                               (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:51:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysXaaAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysXaaAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysXaaAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:52:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:52:                                       HisIleAlaGlyHisIleAlaHisIleAlaGlyHisIleAlaHisIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyHisIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:53:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:53:                                       AlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIleAlaGly                               151015                                                                         LysIleAlaLysIle                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:54:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:54:                                       IleAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysIleAla                               151015                                                                         LysIleAlaGlyLys                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:55:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:55:                                       LysIleAlaGlyArgIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyArgIleAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyArgIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:56:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:56:                                       ArgIleAlaGlyArgIleAlaArgIleAlaGlyArgIleAlaArgIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyArgIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:57:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:57:                                       LysValAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysValAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysVal                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:58:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:58:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysValAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysValAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysValAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:59:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:59:                                       AlaLysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLys                               151015                                                                         IleAlaGlyLysIle                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:60:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(1, 5, 8, 12, 15, 19)                                      (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is ornithine."                               (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:60:                                       XaaIleAlaGlyXaaIleAlaXaaIleAlaGlyXaaIleAlaXaaIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyXaaIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:61:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:61:                                       LysPheAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysPheAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysPhe                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:62:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:62:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysPheAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysPheAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysPheAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:63:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(2, 9, 16)                                                 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is cyclohexylalanine."                       (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:63:                                       LysXaaAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysXaaAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysXaa                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:64:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(2, 9, 16)                                                 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is norleucine."                              (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:64:                                       LysXaaAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysXaaAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysXaa                               151015                                                                         AlaLysIleAlaGly                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:65:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:65:                                       ArgIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaArgIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaArgIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:66:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(1, 5, 8, 12, 15, 19)                                      (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is homoarginine."                            (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:66:                                       XaaIleAlaGlyXaaIleAlaXaaIleAlaGlyXaaIleAlaXaaIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyXaaIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:67:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(1, 8, 15)                                                 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is                                           p- aminophenylalanine"                                                         (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:67:                                       XaaIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaXaaIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaXaaIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:68:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(5, 12, 19)                                                (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is                                           p- aminophenylalanine."                                                        (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:68:                                       LysIleAlaGlyXaaIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyXaaIleAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyXaaIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:69:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:69:                                       LysLeuAlaSerLysAlaGlyLysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysVal                               151015                                                                         AlaLeuLysAlaLeu                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:70:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: 12                                                               (C) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is ornithine."                               (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:70:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyXaaIleAlaLysIleAla                            151015                                                                         GlyLysIleAla                                                                   20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:71:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:71:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyArgIleAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:72:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: 12                                                               (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is norleucine."                              (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:72:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyXaaIleAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:73:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: 12                                                               (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is norvaline."                               (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:73:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyXaaIleAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:74:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: 12                                                               (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is ornithine."                               (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:74:                                       LysPheAlaGlyLysPheAlaLysPheAlaGlyXaaPheAlaLysPhe                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysPheAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:75:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: 12                                                               (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is ornithine."                               (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:75:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysPheAlaLysIleAlaGlyXaaPheAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysPheAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:76:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(6, 13, 20)                                                (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is norleucine."                              (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: 12                                                               (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is ornithine."                               (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:76:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysXaaAlaLysIleAlaGlyXaaXaaAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysXaaAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:77:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:77:                                       LysMetAlaSerLysAlaGlyLysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysVal                               151015                                                                         AlaLeuLysAlaLeu                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:78:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:78:                                       LysIleAlaSerLysAlaGlyLysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysVal                               151015                                                                         AlaLeuLysAlaLeu                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:79:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: 9                                                                (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is norleucine."                              (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:79:                                       LysIleAlaSerLysAlaGlyLysXaaAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysVal                               151015                                                                         AlaLeuLysAlaLeu                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:80:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: 9                                                                (C) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is norleucine."                              (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:80:                                       LysLeuAlaSerLysAlaGlyLysXaaAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysVal                               151015                                                                         AlaLeuLysAlaLeu                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:81:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: 9                                                                (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is norleucine."                              (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:81:                                       LysXaaAlaSerLysAlaGlyLysXaaAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysVal                               151015                                                                         AlaLeuLysAlaLeu                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:82:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: 12                                                               (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is                                           p- aminophenylalanine."                                                        (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:82:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyXaaIleAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:83:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:83:                                       LysIleAlaGlyAlaIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:84:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:84:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyAlaIleAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:85:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:85:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyAlaIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:86:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:86:                                       LysIleAlaLysLysIleAlaLysIleAlaLysLysIleAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaLysLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:87:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:87:                                       LysPheAlaLysLysPheAlaLysPheAlaLysLysPheAlaLysPhe                               151015                                                                         AlaLysLysPheAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:88:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:88:                                       LysPheAlaLysLysIleAlaLysPheAlaLysLysIleAlaLysPhe                               151015                                                                         AlaLysLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:89:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:89:                                       AlaIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:90:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:90:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaAlaIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:91:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:91:                                       LysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaAlaIle                               151015                                                                         AlaGlyLysIleAla                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:92:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:92:                                       GlyMetAlaSerLysAlaGlyLysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysVal                               151015                                                                         AlaLeuLysAlaLeu                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:93:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 26 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:93:                                       GlyIleGlyAlaValLeuLysValLeuThrThrGlyLeuProAlaLeu                               151015                                                                         IleSerTrpIleLysArgLysArgGlnGln                                                 2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:94:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:94:                                       LeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLeuLeu                                              1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:95:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 12 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:95:                                       LeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLeuLeu                                           1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:96:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 13 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:96:                                       LysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLeuLeu                                        1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:97:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 14 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:97:                                       LysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLeuLeu                                     1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:98:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 16 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:98:                                       LysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuArgArg                               151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:99:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 16 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:99:                                       LysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLeuLeu                               151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:100:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:100:                                      LeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysAsn                                  151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:101:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: 15                                                               (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa is homoserine."                              (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:101:                                      LeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysXaa                                  151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:102:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 18 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:102:                                      LeuLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysAsnLysLysLeuLeuLys                               151015                                                                         LysLeu                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:103:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 18 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:103:                                      LeuLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysProLysLysLeuLeuLys                               151015                                                                         LysLeu                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:104:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 22 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:104:                                      LeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuGlnGlyProPro                               151015                                                                         GlnGlyGlnSerProGln                                                             20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:105:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 20 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:105:                                      LeuAlaSerLysAlaGlyAlaIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysLysLeu                               151015                                                                         LeuLysLysLeu                                                                   20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:106:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 7 amino acids                                                      (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:106:                                      LeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeu                                                          15                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:107:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 8 amino acids                                                      (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:107:                                      LeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeu                                                       15                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:108:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 9 amino acids                                                      (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:108:                                      LysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeu                                                    15                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:109:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 10 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:109:                                      LysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeu                                                 1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:110:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:110:                                      LeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeu                                              1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:111:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:111:                                      AlaLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeu                                              1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:112:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:112:                                      LeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeu                                              1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:113:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 12 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:113:                                      LeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeu                                           1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:114:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 13 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:114:                                      LysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeu                                        1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:115:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 14 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:115:                                      LysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeu                                     1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:116:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:116:                                      LeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeu                                  151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:117:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 14 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:117:                                      LeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysArg                                     1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:118:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 7 amino acids                                                      (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:118:                                      LysPheAlaLysLysPheAla                                                          15                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:119:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 7 amino acids                                                      (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:119:                                      LysIleAlaLysLysIleAla                                                          15                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:120:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 7 amino acids                                                      (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:120:                                      ArgPheAlaArgArgPheAla                                                          15                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:121:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 10 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:121:                                      LysPheAlaLysPheAlaLysLysPheAla                                                 1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:122:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:122:                                      LysLysPheAlaLysPheAlaLysLysPheAla                                              1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:123:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:123:                                      LysLysLeuAlaLysLeuAlaLysLysLeuAla                                              1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:124:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 10 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:124:                                      LysLeuAlaLysLeuAlaLysLysLeuAla                                                 1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:125:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 14 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:125:                                      LysPheAlaLysLysPheAlaLysPheAlaLysLysPheAla                                     1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:126:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 14 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:126:                                      ArgPheAlaArgArgPheAlaArgPheAlaArgArgPheAla                                     1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:127:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:127:                                      GluLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeu                                              1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:128:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:128:                                      LysLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeu                                              1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:129:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 10 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:129:                                      LysLeuLysLysLysPheLeuLysLysLeu                                                 1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:130:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:130:                                      LeuLysLysLeuLeuGluLysLeuLysLysLeu                                              1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:131:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:131:                                      LeuLysLysLeuLeuLysGluLeuLysLysLeu                                              1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:132:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 10 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(1, 2, 5, 8, 9)                                            (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa=ornithine."                                  (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:132:                                      XaaXaaLeuLeuXaaGluLeuXaaXaaLeu                                                 1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:133:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 12 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:133:                                      LeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuCys                                           1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:134:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 10 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(1, 2, 5, 8, 9)                                            (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa=ornithine."                                  (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:134:                                      XaaXaaLeuLeuXaaAspLeuXaaXaaLeu                                                 1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:135:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 13 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:135:                                      LysLysPheGlyLysLysPheValLysIleLeuLysLys                                        1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:136:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:136:                                      LysTrpLysLeuPheLysLysIleGluLysVal                                              1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:137:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 7 amino acids                                                      (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:137:                                      LeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLys                                                          15                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:138:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 9 amino acids                                                      (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:138:                                      LeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLeuLeuLys                                                    15                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:139:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 14 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:139:                                      LysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeu                                     1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:140:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 10 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(2, 5, 6, 8, 9)                                            (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa=ornithine."                                  (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:140:                                      LeuXaaLeuLeuXaaXaaLeuXaaXaaLeu                                                 1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:141:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: 2                                                                (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa=ornithine."                                  (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:141:                                      LeuXaaLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeu                                              1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:142:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10)                                        (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa=ornithine."                                  (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:142:                                      LeuXaaXaaLeuLeuXaaXaaLeuXaaXaaLeu                                              1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:143:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 10 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9)                                         (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa=ornithine."                                  (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:143:                                      XaaXaaLeuLeuXaaXaaLeuXaaXaaLeu                                                 1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:144:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 10 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: Modified-site                                                    (B) LOCATION: one-of(1, 2, 5, 8, 9)                                            (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note="Xaa=ornithine."                                  (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:144:                                      XaaXaaLeuLeuXaaGlnLeuXaaXaaLeu                                                 1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:145:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 9 amino acids                                                      (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:145:                                      ArgLeuLeuArgArgLeuArgArgLeu                                                    15                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:146:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:146:                                      ValLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeu                                              1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:147:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 14 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:147:                                      LysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuLeuLysLysLeu                                     1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:148:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 10 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:148:                                      LysLeuLysLysLeuLysLysLeuPheLys                                                 1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:149:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 16 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:149:                                      GlyIleLysLysPheLeuLysLysAlaGlyLysPheGlyLysAlaPhe                               151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:150:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 20 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:150:                                      IleAlaGlyAlaIleAlaLysIleAlaGlyLysIleAlaLysIleAla                               151015                                                                         GlyAlaIleAla                                                                   20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:151:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:151:                                      LeuLysLysLeuLeuLysGluLeuLeuLysLeu                                              1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:152:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 22 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:152:                                      LysValAlaLeuLysAlaLeuLysLysValAlaLeuLysAlaLeuLys                               151015                                                                         ValAlaLeuLysAlaLeu                                                             20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:153:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 14 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:153:                                      LysIleAlaLysLysIleAlaLysIleAlaLysLysIleAla                                     1510                                                                           __________________________________________________________________________ 

What is claimed is:
 1. A composition for inhibiting growth of a target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell, comprising(a) an N-terminal substituted peptide having the formula: ##STR14## wherein X is a biologically active peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide, wherein X includes the following basic structure X₅₀ : R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁, wherein R₄₁ is hydrophobic amino acid, and R₄₂ is basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid; T is a lipophilic moiety, wherein if T is ##STR15## R is hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms; and W is T or hydrogen; and (b) an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier, wherein said peptide is present in an amount effective to inhibit growth of the target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell.
 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 94).
 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein X has the structural formula Y₅₀ -X₅₀,wherein Y₅₀ is:(i) R₄₁ ; (ii) R₄₂ -R₄₁ ; or (iii) R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁.
 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 95).
 5. The composition of claim 3, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 96).
 6. The composition of claim 3, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 97).
 7. A composition for inhibiting growth of a target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell, comprising(a) an N-terminal substituted peptide having the formula: ##STR16## wherein X is a biologically active peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide, wherein X includes the following basic structure X₅₂ :R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂, wherein R₄₁ is hydrophobic amino acid, and R₄₂ is basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid; T is a lipophilic moiety, wherein if T is ##STR17## R is hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms; and W is T or hydrogen; and (b) an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier, wherein said peptide is present in an amount effective to inhibit growth of the; target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell.
 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein X has the structural formula Y₅₂ -X₅₂,wherein Y₅₂ is:(i) R₄₂ ; (ii) R₄₁ -R₄₂ ; (iii) R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ ; (iv) R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ ; or (v) R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂.
 9. The composition of claim 8, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 98).
 10. The composition of claim 7, wherein X has the structural formula X₅₂ -Z₅₂,wherein Z₅₂ is:(i) R₄₁ ; (ii) R₄₁ -R₄₁ ; (iii) R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ ; (iv) R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ ; or (v) R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁.
 11. The composition of claim 10, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 99).
 12. A composition for inhibiting growth of a target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell, comprising(a) an N-terminal substituted peptide having the formula: ##STR18## wherein X is a biologically active peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide, wherein X is a peptide that includes the following basic structure X₆₂ :

    -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -

wherein R₄₁ is hydrophobic amino acid, and R₄₂ is basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid; T is a lipophilic moiety, wherein if T is ##STR19## R is hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms; and, W is T or hydrogen; and (b) an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier, wherein said peptide is present in an amount effective to inhibit growth of the target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell.
 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 106).
 14. The composition of claim 12 wherein X includes the structure Y₆₂ -X₆₂, wherein Y₆₂ is:(i) R₄₁ ; (ii) R₄₂ -R₄₁ ; (iii) R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ ; or (iv) R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁.
 15. The composition of claim 14 wherein Y₆₂ is R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁.
 16. The composition of claim 14, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 107).
 17. The composition of claim 14, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 108).
 18. The composition of claim 14, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 109).
 19. The composition of claim 14, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 110).
 20. The composition of claim 14, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 111).
 21. The composition of claim 14, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 141).
 22. The composition of claim 14, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 142).
 23. The composition of claim 14, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 143).
 24. The composition of claim 23, wherein the lipophilic moiety is an octanoyl moiety.
 25. The composition of claim 14, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 144).
 26. The composition of claim 14, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 145).
 27. The composition of claim 14, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 146).
 28. The composition of claim 12, wherein X includes the structure X₆₂ -Z₆₂, wherein Z₆₂ is:(i) R₄₁ ; (ii) R₄₁ -R₄₂ ; (iii) R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ ; or (iv) R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁.
 29. The composition of claim 28, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 112).
 30. The composition of claim 12 wherein X has the structural formula

    (Y.sub.62).sub.a -X.sub.62 -(Z.sub.62).sub.b,

wherein Y₆₂ and Z₆₂ are the peptide structures of claims 14 and 28, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or
 1. 31. The composition of claim 30, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 113).
 32. The composition of claim 30 wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 114).
 33. The composition of claim 30, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 115).
 34. The composition of claim 30, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 116).
 35. The composition of claim 30, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 117).
 36. The composition of claim 30, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 147).
 37. A composition for inhibiting growth of a target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell, comprising(a) an N-terminal substituted peptide having the formula: ##STR20## wherein X is a biologically active peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide, wherein X is a biologically active amphophilic peptide including the following basic structure X₆₄ :

    -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -,

wherein R₄₁ is hydrophobic amino acid, and R₄₂ is basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid; T is a lipophilic moiety, wherein if T is ##STR21## R is hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms; and W is T or hydrogen; and (b) an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier, wherein said peptide is present in an amount effective to inhibit growth of the target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell.
 38. The composition of claim 37 wherein X includes the structure Y₆₄ -X₆₄, wherein Y₆₄ is:(i) -R₄₁ - or (ii) R₄₂ -R₄₁.
 39. The composition of claim 37 wherein X includes the structure X₆₄ -Z₆₄, wherein Z₆₄ is:(i) R₄₂ -; (ii) R₄₂ -R₄₂ ; or (iii) R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁.
 40. The composition of claim 37 wherein X has the structural formula:

    (Y.sub.64).sub.a -X.sub.64 -(Z.sub.64).sub.b,

wherein Y₆₄ and Z₆₄ are the peptide structures defined in claims 28 and 39, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or
 1. 41. The composition of claim 40 wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 128).
 42. The composition of claim 40, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 129).
 43. A composition for inhibiting growth of a target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell, comprising(a) an N-terminal substituted peptide having the formula: ##STR22## wherein X is a biologically active peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide, wherein X is a biologically active amphophilic peptide including the following basic structure X₆₆ :

    -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.46 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41

wherein R₄₁ is hydrophobic amino acid, R₄₂ is basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R₄₆ is glutamic acid; T is a lipophilic moiety, wherein if T is ##STR23## R is hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms; and W is T or hydrogen; and (b) an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier, wherein said peptide is present in an amount effective to inhibit growth of the target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell.
 44. The composition of claim 43, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 130).
 45. A composition for inhibiting growth of a target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell, comprising(a) an N-terminal substituted peptide having the formula: ##STR24## wherein X is a biologically active peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide, wherein X is a biologically active amphophilic peptide including the following basic structure X₆₈ :

    -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.46 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41,

wherein R₄₁ is hydrophobic amino acid, R₄₂ is basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R₄₆ is glutamic acid; T is a lipophilic moiety, wherein if T is ##STR25## R is hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms; and W is T or hydrogen; and (b) an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier, wherein said peptide is present in an amount effective to inhibit growth of the target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell.
 46. The composition of claim 45 wherein X includes the structure Y₆₈ -X₆₈, wherein Y₆₈ is:(i) R₄₁.
 47. The composition of claim 46, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 131).
 48. The composition of claim 46, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 132).
 49. A composition for inhibiting growth of a target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell, comprising(a) an N-terminal substituted peptide having the formula: ##STR26## wherein X is a biologically active peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide, wherein X is a biologically active amphophilic peptide including the following basic structure X₇₀ :

    -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.41,

wherein R₄₁ is hydrophobic amino acid, R₄₂ is basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid; T is a lipophilic moiety, wherein if T is ##STR27## R is hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms; and W is T or hydrogen; and (b) an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier, wherein said peptide is present in an amount effective to inhibit growth of the target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell.
 50. The composition of claim 49, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 133).
 51. A composition for inhibiting growth of a target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell, comprising(a) an N-terminal substituted peptide having the formula: ##STR28## wherein X is a biologically active peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide, wherein X is a biologically active amphophilic peptide including the following basic structure X₇₂ :

    -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.47 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -

wherein R₄₁ is hydrophobic amino acid, R₄₂ is basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R₄₇ is aspartic acid; T is a lipophilic moiety, wherein if T is ##STR29## R is hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms; and W is T or hydrogen; and (b) an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier, wherein said peptide is present in an amount effective to inhibit growth of the target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell.
 52. The composition of claim 51, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 134).
 53. A composition for inhibiting growth of a target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell, comprising(a) an N-terminal substituted peptide having the formula: ##STR30## wherein X is a biologically active peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide, wherein X is a biologically active peptide including the following basic structure X₇₆ :

    -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -,

wherein R₄₁ is hydrophobic amino acid, and R₄₂ is basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid; T is a lipophilic moiety, wherein if T is ##STR31## R is hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms; and W is T or hydrogen; and (b) an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier, wherein said peptide is present in an amount effective to inhibit growth of the target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell.
 54. The composition of claim 53 wherein X includes the structure Y₇₆ -X₇₆ wherein Y₇₆ is:(i) R₄₂ ; (ii) R₄₂ -R₄₂ ; (iii) R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ ; (iv) R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ ; (v) R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ ; or (vi) R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂.
 55. The composition of claim 53, wherein X includes the structure X₇₆ -Z₇₆, wherein Z₇₆ is:(i) R₄₈ ; (ii) R₄₈ -R₄₁ ; or (iii) R₄₈ -R4₄₁ -R₄₂ ; wherein R₄₁ is hydrophobic amino acid, R₄₂ is basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R₄₈ is basic hydrophilic, neutral hydrophilic, or hydrophobic amino acid.
 56. The composition of claim 53 wherein X has the structural formula: (Y₇₆)_(a) -X₇₆ -(Z₇₆)_(b), wherein Y₇₆ and Z₇₆ are peptide structures as defined in claims 54 and 55, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or
 1. 57. The composition of claim 56, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 137).
 58. The composition of claim 56, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 138).
 59. The composition of claim 56, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 139).
 60. A composition for inhibiting growth of a target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell, comprising(a) an N-terminal substituted peptide having the formula: ##STR32## wherein X is a biologically active peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide, wherein X is a biologically active amphiphilic peptide having the following structural formula X₇₈ :

    -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -

wherein R₄₁ is hydrophobic amino acid, and R₄₂ is basic hydrophilic amino acid or neutral hydrophilic amino acid; T is a lipophilic moiety, wherein if T is ##STR33## R is hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms; and W is T or hydrogen; and (b) an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier, wherein said peptide is present in an amount effective to inhibit growth of the target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell.
 61. The composition of claim 60, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 140).
 62. A composition for inhibiting growth of a target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell, comprising(a) an N-terminal substituted peptide having the formula: ##STR34## wherein X is a biologically active peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide, wherein X is a biologically active amphiphilic peptide including the following structural formula X₈₀ :

    -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.46 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -,

wherein R₄₁ is hydrophobic amino acid, R₄₂ is basic hydrophilic amino acid or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R₄₆ is glutamic acid; T is a lipophilic moiety, wherein if T is ##STR35## R is hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms; and W is T or hydrogen; and (b) an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier, wherein said peptide is present in an amount effective to inhibit growth of the target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell.
 63. The composition of claim 62, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 151).
 64. A composition for inhibiting growth of a target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell, comprising(a) an N-terminal substituted peptide having the formula: ##STR36## wherein X is a biologically active peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide, wherein X includes the following basic structure X₅₄ :

    R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.43,

wherein R₄₁ is hydrophobic amino acid, R₄₃ is basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R₄₃ is neutral hydrophilic amino acid; T is a lipophilic moiety, wherein if T is ##STR37## R is hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms; and W is T or hydrogen; and (b) an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier, wherein said peptide is present in an amount effective to inhibit growth of the target cell virus or virally-infected cell.
 65. The composition of claim 64, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 100).
 66. The composition of claim 64, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 101).
 67. A composition for inhibiting growth of a target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell, comprising(a) an N-terminal substituted peptide having the formula: ##STR38## wherein X is a biologically active peptide, said peptide being an ion channel-forming peptide, wherein X includes the following basic structure X₅₆ -Z₅₆, wherein X₅₆ is:

    R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.41 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.42 -R.sub.44,

and Z₅₆ is:(i) R₄₂ ; (ii) R₄₂ -R₄₂ ; (iii) R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ ; (iv) R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ ; (v) R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ ; (vi) R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁ -R₄₁ -R₄₂ -R₄₂ -R₄₁, wherein R₄₁ is hydrophobic amino acid, R₄₂ is basic hydrophilic or neutral hydrophilic amino acid, and R₄₄ is neutral hydrophilic amino acid or proline; T is a lipophilic moietywherein if T is ##STR39## R is hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms; and W is T or hydrogen; and (b) an acceptable pharmaceutical carrier. wherein said peptide is present in an amount effective to inhibit growth of the target cell, virus, or virally-infected cell.
 68. The composition of claim 67 wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 102).
 69. The composition of claim 67, wherein X is a biologically active peptide having the following structure:(SEQ ID NO: 103). 